23/10

Question 1

amnesia

Answer 1

the loss of memory which is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting. generally causes difficulty accessing information from the ltm or have difficulty forming new memories

Question 2

anterograde amnesia

Answer 2

the loss of the ability to form or store new long-term memories (mostly explicit). associated with damage to the medial temporal lobe, particularly the hippocampus and connections between the temporal lobe and frontal lobes

Question 3

what causes anterogade amnesia

Answer 3

• failure of memory encoding and storage due to disruption of consolidation
• lack of integration into ltm

Question 4

retrograde amnesia

Answer 4

loss of memory before a trauma

Question 5

alzheimer’s

Answer 5

a type of dementia characterised by the gradual widespread degeneration of brain neurons

• outer part of the brain is usually affected first
• stm loss is one of the first symptoms
• as the disease progresses, ltm is increasingly impaired
• primarily explicit memories

Question 6

alzheimer’s early symptoms

Answer 6

• moderate memory loss
• confusion
• unusual irritability
• impaired decision making
• needing to be prompted about social care tasks

Question 7

alzheimer’s later symptoms

Answer 7

• inability to recognise family members or regular carers
• forgetting one’s own identity
• severe personality changes

Question 8

alzheimer’s effect on memory

Answer 8

• both retro and anterograde amnesia
• episodic (forgetting part or all of a specific event)
• semantic (forgetting known information such as names for objects or words)
• spatial (inability to remember or follow written or verbal directions)
• procedural (inability to perform everyday tasks)

Question 9

alzheimer’s brain damage

Answer 9

• cortical and sub-cortical areas look shrivelled due to death of neurons
• median temporal lobe most affected, particularly hippocampus

Question 10

main cause of neuron death in alzheimer’s

Answer 10

accumulation of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

Question 11

plaques

Answer 11

• fragments of the protein beta amyloid

- form hard clumps outside and around the neurons

Question 12

tangles

Answer 12

• inhibit transport of essential substances throughout the neuron
• formed from a protein called tau

Question 13

BAC of 0.05

Answer 13

• impaired cognition
• decreased concentration
• exaggerated or inappropriate reactions

Question 14

BAC and sleep deprivation

Answer 14

• 17 hours is roughly 0.05

- 24 hours is roughly 0.1