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Psychology > Consiousness > Flashcards

Consiousness Flashcards

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

our awareness of objects and events in the external world as well as our sensations, mental experiences and own existence at any given time

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2
Q

contents of consciousness

A

whatever a person is aware of at any given time

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3
Q

states of awareness

A

the different levels of consciousness

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4
Q

total awareness -> complete lack of awareness

A
  • focused attention
  • normal wakefulness
  • daydreaming
  • meditative state
  • hypnotised
  • asleep
  • anaesthetised
  • coma
  • dead
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5
Q

normal waking consciousness

A
  • a state of awareness where our perceptions and thoughts continue to be organised and clear
  • maintenance of the sense of time and place
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6
Q

altered state of consciousness

A
  • a state of consciousness that is distinctly different from NWC
  • distinguished, measurable changes
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7
Q

naturally occuring ASC

A
  • normal parts of a person’s life which occur naturally

- eg sleep, daydreaming

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8
Q

induced ASC

A
  • intentionally achieved by the use of some kind of aid

- meditation, hypnosis, alcohol ingestion or illicit drugs

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9
Q

attention

A

concentration of mental activity that involves focusing on a specific stimulus while ignoring or excluding other stimulus

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10
Q

selective attention

A

the ability to selec from many factors or stimuli while filtering out other distractions

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11
Q

divided attention

A

the ability to process two or more responses or react to two or more different stimuli simaultaneously

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12
Q

EEG

A
  • detecs, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the brain
  • translates activity in the cortical areas beneath the electrodes which the device translates into a visual pattern of brain waves
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13
Q

frequency

A

the number of brain waves per second

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14
Q

high-frequency

A

brain wave activity is faster and therefore has more brain waves per second

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15
Q

low-frequency

A

brain wave activity is slower and therefore has fewer brain waves per second

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16
Q

amplitude

A

the intensity of the brain waves

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17
Q

high amplitude

A

brain waves have bigger peaks and troughs

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18
Q

low amplitude

A

brain waves have smaller peaks and troughs

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19
Q

beta waves

A
  • high frequency
  • low amplitude
  • NCW: awake, alert and attentive, concentrating
20
Q

alpha waves

A
  • high frequency
  • low amplitude
  • relaxed, calm, intentionally focused
21
Q

theta waves

A
  • medium frequency
  • mixutre of high and low amplitude
  • drowsiness, falling asleep, light sleep, waking
22
Q

delta waves

A
  • low frequency
  • high amplitude
  • deepest stages of sleep, unconsciousness
23
Q

EEG strengths

A
  • used in conjunction with other measures to identify an individual’s awareness
  • reliable for detecting abnormal brainwave activity and monitoring changes in SOC
  • widely used to assist with diagnosis and study of brain-related medical conditions
24
Q

EEG limitations

A
  • poorly measures neural activity that occurs below the outer layer of the brain
  • does not provide detailed information about which structres are affected and their functions
  • strength of electrical activity is reduced after having travelled through the thick bone structure of the skull
25
Q

drug

A

a substance which can change a person’s physical and/or mental functioning

26
Q

drugs’ influence can be influenced by:

A
  • the type of stimulants or depressents
  • the dose and potency
  • an individual’s characteristics
  • method of administration
27
Q

stimulants

A
  • drugs that increase activity in the CNS and the rest of the body
  • have an alerting, activiting effect
  • caffeine, non-prescription medications, nicotine, ice speed cocaine, etc
  • increased beta wave activity
  • decreased delta, theta and alpha activity
28
Q

depressants

A
  • drugs which decrease activity in the CNS and the rest of the body
  • reduce alertness, environmental awareness, responsiveness to sensroy stimulants, congnitive function and physical activity
  • increased delta, theta and alpha wave activity
  • decreased beta wave activity
29
Q

opiates

A
  • heroin, morphine, codeine

- primary used for pain relief but with large doses, breathing slows and death is possible

30
Q

alcohol

A
  • higher levels of alcohol inhibits or slows brain functioning
  • babiturates and bezodiazipenes
31
Q

EMG

A
  • detecs, amplifies and records the electrical activities of the muscles
  • recordings show the changes in muscle activity (movement) and tone (tension)
  • the higher the level of muscular activity, the more muscles spasm during ligt sleep and are completely relaxed during deep sleep
32
Q

EOG

A
  • detecs, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the muscles controlling the eyes
  • measures changes in eye movements over time during different types and stages of sleep while dreaming
33
Q

speed (objective tests to measure changes in consciousness)

A
  • typically involves reaction time to a stimulus

- how much time elapses between a stimulus and a response

34
Q

accuracy (objective tests to measure changes in consciousness)

A

-typically invovles the number of correct responses and incorrect responses made by the individual

35
Q

objective performance measures

A
  • speed and accuracy tests

- scores are not subjective to personal opinion or interpretation

36
Q

subjective studies

A

-subjective reporting of one’s personal opinions and interpretation

37
Q

self-report

A
  • the participant’s written or spoken response to questions, statements or instructions presented by the researcher
  • may be biased
38
Q

sleep diary

A
  • records may be kept of:
  • -the time when trying to fall asleep
  • -the number, length and time of awakenings
  • -the time of waking in the morning
  • -how well rested an individual appears
39
Q

video monitoring

A
  • used in the study of sleep or sleep disorders

- cameras record externally observable physiological responses

40
Q

content limitations

A

the type of information held in our consciousness and our control over it
-in NWC, the content tends to be more restricted

41
Q

controlled processes

A

conscious, alert awareness and mental effort in which the individual actively focuses their attention on achieving a particular goal

42
Q

automatic processes

A

little conscious awareness and mental effort, minimal attention and do not interfere with the performance of other activities

43
Q

sensations

A

all the information our sense receive

44
Q

perceptions

A

how our brain interprets sensations

45
Q

self-control

A

a good sense of management of physical responses such as coordination, judgement and physical restraint

46
Q

time orientation

A

our estimation of the passing of time

47
Q

BAC over 0.05

A
  • impaired cognition
  • decreased concentration
  • exaggerated or inappropriate reactions

Psychology (13 decks)

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