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Philosophy and Ethics > Philosophy of Religion keywords > Flashcards

Philosophy of Religion keywords Flashcards

1
Q

Ancient P influence-
What is a premise?

A

A statement which forms the basis of an arguement

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2
Q

Ancient P influence-
What is a dedectuive arguement?

A

An arguement where the premise (statement) leads to the only possible conclusion

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3
Q

Ancient p influence-
What is an inductive arguement?

A

An arguement where the premises lead to a conclusion that is probable, but not conclusive

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4
Q

Ancient p influence-
What does A Priori mean?

A

A type of arguement that reaches a conclusion based only on reason, E.G.- Every apple is a fruit

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5
Q

Ancient p influence-
What does A Posteriori mean?

A

A type of arguement that reaches a conclusion beased on observation and experience

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6
Q

Ancient p influence-
What does Empirical mean?

A

The primary source of knowledge is experience gained through the 5 senses, E.G.- You cannot make up a colour you’ve never seen before

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7
Q

Ancient p influence-
What does rational mean?

A

The primary source of knowledge is reason, using logical steps. E.G.- Two odd numbers will always add together to make an even number

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8
Q

Ancient p influence-
What is a tautology?

A

A statement that is always true; it contains the definition within, E.G.- A triangle has 3 sides

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9
Q

Ancient p influence-
What is an Epistemology?

A

Alson known as the theory of knowledge, this asks about what we can claim to know, E.G.- What is truly good?

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10
Q

Ancient p influence- What is a syllogism?

A

A structure of an arguement set out by Aristotle, containg a major premise (all or nothing statement) or a minor premise (a sentence with a single piece of information) E.G.- All p are q, r is p, therfore r is q

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11
Q

Ancient p influence- What are Forms?

A

The name Plato gave to his ideal concepts

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12
Q

Ancient p influence- What is Reason?

A

Using logical steps and thought processes in order to reach conclusions

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13
Q

Ancient p influence- What is the Prime Mover?

A

Aristotle’s concept of the ultimate cause of movement and change in the universe

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14
Q

Ancient p influence- What is the Socratic method?

A

The method of philosophical reasoning which involves critical questioning

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15
Q

Ancient p influence- What is an analogy?

A

A comparison between one thing and another in an attempt to clarify meaning

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16
Q

Ancient p influence- What is Transcendent?

A

Being beyond this world and outside the realms of ordinary experience

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17
Q

Ancient p influence- What is Aetion?

A

An explanatory factor, a reason or cause for something

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18
Q

Ancient p influence- What is Telos?

A

The end, or purpose, of something

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19
Q

Ancient p influence- What is Theist?

A

Someone who believes in God or gods

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20
Q

Soul, mind, and body-
Monism (Materialism)

A

Humans are made up of only a single substance, thiere is only a body, no soul or seperate mind

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21
Q

Soul, mind, and body-
Idealistic Monism

A

only the mind exists, and conseqeuntly that the external, physical world is an illusion created by the mind

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22
Q

Soul, mind, and body-
Materialistic Monism

A

single reality is matter, made up either only of atoms or of some world, forming substance. The essential view is that all states may be reduced to the physical.

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23
Q

Soul,mind, and body-
Behaviourism

A

all mental states one simple descriptions of behaviour that can be observed.

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24
Q

Soul, mind, body-
What is Dualism?

A

Humans consist of 2 substances, the body and the mind/soul

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25
Q

Soul,mind,body- What is a Soul?

A

Often, but not always, understood to be the non-physical essence of a person

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26
Q

Soul,mind,body- What is Consciousness?

A

Awareness or perception

27
Q

Soul,mind,body- What is Substance?

A

A subject which has different properties attributed to it

28
Q

Soul,mind,body- What is Dualism?

A

The belief that reality can be divided into two distinct parts, such as good and evil, or physical and non-physical.

29
Q

Soul,mind,body- What is Scepticism?

A

A questioning approach which does not take assumptions for granted.

30
Q

Soul,mind,body- What is Reductive Materialsm?

A

Otherwise known as identity theory- the view that mental events are identical with physical occurences in the brain.

31
Q

Soul,mind,body- What is Category error?

A

A problem of language that arises when things are talked about as if they beling to one category when in fact they belong to another.

32
Q

Arguements on observations- What is Teleological?

A

Looking to the end results (telos) in order to draw a conclusion about what is right or wrong

33
Q

Arguements on observation- What is Cosmological?

A

To do with the universe

34
Q

Arguements on observation- What is Natural Theology?

A

Drawing conclusions about the nature and activity of God by using reason and observing the world. The oppositve of Revealed Theology

35
Q

Arguements on observation- What is a Contingent?

A

Depending on other things

36
Q

Arguements on observation- What Principle of Sufficent Reason?

A

The principle that everything must have a reason to explain it

37
Q

Arguements on observation- What is a Sceptic?

A

Someone who will not accept what tohers say without questioning and challenging

38
Q

Arguements on observation- What is an A Posteriori arguement?

A

Arguements which draw conclusions based on observation throught experience

39
Q

Arguements on observation- What is Necessary existence?

A

Existence whcih does not depend on anything else

40
Q

Arguements on observation- What is an A Priori arguemen?

A

Arguements which draw conclusions through the use of reason

41
Q

Arguements on observation- What is a logical fallacy?

A

Reasoning that has a flaw in it’s structure

42
Q

Arguements on reason- What is Ontological?

A

To do with the nature of existence

43
Q

Arguements on reason- What is Contingent?

A

Depending on other things

44
Q

Arguements on reason- What is Necessary Existence?

A

Existence which does not depend on anything else

45
Q

Arguements on reason- What is a predicate?

A

A term which describes a dstinctive xcharacteristic of something

46
Q

Arguements on reason- What is Epistemic Distance?

A

A distance in knowledge and understanding

47
Q

Religious experience- What is a mystical experience?

A

Experiences of God or of the supernatural which go beyond everday sense experience

48
Q

Religious experience- What is a Conversion experience?

A

An experience which produces a readical change in someone’s belief system

49
Q

Religious experience- What is a Corporate religious experience?

A

Religious experiences which happen to a group of people ‘as a body’.

50
Q

Religious experience- Whar is a Numinous experience?

A

An indescribable experience which invokes feelings of awe,worship, and fascination

51
Q

Religious experience- What is the Principle of credulity?

A

Swinburne’s principle that we should usually believe what our senses tell us we are perceving.

52
Q

Religious experience- What is the Principle of Testimony?

A

Swinburne’s principle that we should usually trust that other people are telling us the truth.

53
Q

Religious experience- What is a Naturalistic explanation?

A

An explanation referring to natural rather than supernatural causes.

54
Q

Religious experience- What is Neurophysiology?

A

An area of science which studies the brain and the nervous system.

55
Q

Problem of evil- What is Omnipotent?

A

All-powerful

56
Q

Problem of evil- What is Omniscient?

A

All-knowing

57
Q

Problem of evil- What is Omnibenevolent?

A

All-loving

58
Q

Problem of evil- What is the Inconscient triad?

A

The omnibenevolence and omnipotentence of God, and the existence of evil in the world, are said to be mutually incompatible

59
Q

Problem of evil- Theodicy?

A

An attempt to justify God in the face of evil in the world

60
Q

Problem of evil- What is Natural evil?

A

Evil and suffering caused by non-human agencies

61
Q

Problem of evil- What is Moral Evil?

A

The evil done and the suffering caused by deliberate misuse of human free will

62
Q

Problem of evil- What is Privatio boni?

A

A phrase used by Augustine to mean an absence of goodness

63
Q

Problem of evil- What is Free will?

A

The ability to make independant choices between real options

Philosophy and Ethics (20 decks)

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