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Philosophy and Ethics > 3.2A- Knowledge of God's existence > Flashcards

3.2A- Knowledge of God's existence Flashcards

1
Q

what’s the fundamental problem for natural and revealed theology?

A

that unlike all other forms of knoweldge, the object, God, is uniquely different from any other object (in fact he isn’t even an object)

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2
Q

what did St. Bonaventure think?

A

believed there was 3 ways of seeing things:
-eye of flesh: see the world
-eye of reason: see the soul and what it contains
-eye if contepmtion:might see Godand the things he contains

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3
Q

What is a famous Albert Einstein quote relating to this topic?

A

“Science without religion is lame”

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4
Q

Natural theology

A

-supposes that God is the creator of the universe and humans are conscious elements of that universe, then they have a natural predisposition to know God as their creator
-supported by all branches of the Christiain church

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5
Q

Cicero

A

-thought all humans have a natural instinct to believe in God, and that people learn more about God by using their reason
-If so many people believe in Gid, he simply must exist
-Influential for Aquinas and Augustine

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6
Q

Aquinas’ 5 ways for proving the existence of God

A

Motion
Efficient cause
Possibility and necessity
Gradation
design

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7
Q

Aquinas believed that ___ set everything ____ ______

A

God
into
motion

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8
Q

introduction to the Catechism of the Catholic Church and the 4 sections

A

intended primarily to explain the teachings of the Catholic faith
the 4 sections are:
1. The Creed (what the Church belives)
2. The sacraments (what the Church celebrates)
3. The commandments (what the Church lives)
4. The our Father

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9
Q

Why is John Clavin important?

A

key figure in developing Christian theology, including doctrines of predestination.

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10
Q

William Paley

A

Famous for his watch argument, citing that there must be a grand creator who slotted everything into place, this for Christians, is God.

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11
Q

Cardinal Newman

A

uses their innate sense of morailty, their inner conscience and ‘vice of God’ as evidence that God exists.

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12
Q

Ian Barbour

A

believed God and the world act in tandem and God isn’t indepepndant from the natural processes but works with them to maximise their great potential.

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13
Q

Richard Swinburne

A

argues that our human reaction and powers of observation provides us with solid grounds for supporting the probability that there is a God

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14
Q

James Bailey

A

the ability to recognise God is innate and automatic

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15
Q

Revealed theology

A

-the idea that God has deliberately chosen to given some knowledge to epole- knowledge that otherwise couldn’t have been gained.
-Protestants think we need it because we are fallen creatures
-Catholics think we need it because of differerences between God and humanity
-the difference between revealed and nautral theology began in the Middle Ages
-revleaed theology is specieal becuase available to everyone through faith.
-built on natural theology

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16
Q

immediate revelation

A

-when God makes himself directly known to people
-examples include Adma and Eve
-Everyone who met Jesus has immediate revelation of God which gave the apostles their authority.

17
Q

mediate revelation

A

-learn about God and gain knowledge less directly
-Examples include Moses and the worlds of the prophets
-people disagree whether the Bible is mediate or immediate revelation

18
Q

Jean Porter: revealed through God’s grace

A

-In both Roman Catholic and protestant theology, although faith may rely on the assent of the mind and the spirirt God’s grace is required to complete the relationship.
-God’s grace is required to strengthen the faith of humanity through the Holy Spirit.

19
Q

St. Aquinas: revealed through God’s grace

A

-In Summa Theologica, empirical and logical knowledge is certain because we cane see the evidence.
-Faith however, doesn’t have the firm self
-Argued we cannot have faith and scientific knowledge about the same things, because faith is about things that don’t hsv certainty.
-Preservance of the Holy Spirit is requirec to affirm faith fully.

20
Q

The fall: revealed through God’s faith

A

-Adam and Eve ate fruit and were banished from the Garden of Eden
-How might this affect human’s relationship with God? It will distance people from God

21
Q

John Calvin: revealed through God’s faith

A

-If The Fall happened, then everyone would’ve known God directly
-Humans could have a relationship with God based on natural theology

22
Q

St. Interger Steitisset: revealed through God’s faith

A

-The only true knowledge of God is a salvation

23
Q

Protestant teachings: revealed through God’s faith

A

-faith is firm and certian knowledge
-Calvin criticises Aquinas because he has not made Christ the direct object of faith.
-Willingness to believe

24
Q

Catholicisism’s view: revealed through God’s faith

A

-think The Fall did not cut humans off from knowning God, but it did confuse and distract their desires from him.

25
Catholicism and Calvin: revealed through God's faith
-follow on from Calvin -Although The Fall didn't seperate God and humanity completley, it did cause an epistemic chasm which may block or obstruct the natural desire for God.
26
Revelation through the Bible: revealed through God's faith
-through Christian history, God is understood to reveal himself through religious expierences: -angles transmitting voice of God -visions -dreams that proclaim messages -covnersation and experiences -Bibilical prophets were speaking the word of the Lord.
27
Barth and Brunner
Barth (1886-1968) -Reformed minister -developed neo-orthodoxy -Church Domatics (1932-1967), was his greatest work Brunner (1889-1966) -Reformed minister -supported neo-orthodoxy -influenced Aquinas -Barth disagreed with Brunner's mention of Aquinas wrote Nein! or No! in 1938 Both Barth and Brunner essays were published together in 1946.
28
Faith and reason: Faith, Jesus and the Church
In Chirstianity, faith is a virtue Faith is needed in order to overcome the epsitemic distance, as reasoning only goes so far.
29
Aquinas and faith: Faith, Jesus and the Church
-He distinguished between uniformed and formed faith. -uniformed faith- people intellectually believe I accept another's beliefs in God but cannot accept it themselves. -formed faith- is faith in which a person accepts what they can believe rationally through the intellect, concluding that it's true. -For Aquinas, one needs both faith and reason in order to achieve a full knowledge of God. -John Locke agreed with Aquinas that faith is reason, he believed faith was a form of assent, so reaosn was required to regulate this.
30
Martin Luther and faith: Faith, Jesus and the Church
-He goes one step further and rejects reason altogether. He says that reaosn, common sense and mathmatical proofs are of no value -Christians have the Bible, that's all I need -He argues that if we use our limite human reason to access a divine being, we limit that being's status. We cannot comprehend God, so we must use the Bible alone.
31
Seren Kierkegard: Atheists and Faith
-states that reason cannot graps the essence of God, it can only undermine faith. God will seem absurd from the position of reason.
32
Richard Dawkins: Atheists and Faith
-Give that ne cannot scientifically test faith, it is impossible to argue against. "Faith is the great cop-out"
33
Jesus Christ: Faith, Jesus and the Church
-For Christians, Jesus is the ultimate revelation (ultimate mediator) of God -'Christ is redemption of the world' is the lens through which humans should see everything -God knew Jesus was the mediator from the beginning.
34
Jesus and the Catholic Church: Faith, Jesus and the Church
-revelation was gradual -completed with nothing further until the end of time -believers duty to understand the significance -private revelations are pointless towards ultimate revelation
35
Jesus and the Church: Faith, Jesus and the Church
-revelation of Chirst understood by looking at the life of Jesus (such as through events like the incarnation, the life anf ministry of Jesus, and salvation) -Clearly, the more centrally that Jesus is placed in a Chirstian's understanding of hw we can know God, the harder it is to accept the salvation of non-Christians
36
The Bible and the Church: Faith, Jesus and the Church
-some Christians reject the authority of the Bible on the basis of contradictions, or the modern advances of science (liberals) -some believe the Bible to be the word of God (fundamental), whilst some believe it to be written by divinely inspired humans, colouring it with their own experience (conservatives)
37
John Calvin and the Bible: Faith, Jesus and the Church
-believed scriptures to be required to understand's God work on earth as it is a core record of his work -It is through scriptures that we can fully understand all the other points of contact that we encounter and it has ultimate authoirty
38
The Catholic Church and the Bible: Faith, Jesus and the Church
-sees God as the authors of the scriptures and the contents of the Bible as being the breath of the Holy Spirit -life of the Church helps Christians to understand the Bible -The church helps the believers to access God's Grace through it's ministry
39
John Calvin and the Church: Faith, Jesus and the Church
-Not a place of teaching authority in the same way -Believed the church to be the body of Christ -The result of the coming of the mediator

Philosophy and Ethics (34 decks)

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