Philosophy

Question 1

study and pursuit of facts which deal with the ultimate reality or causes of things as they affect life

Answer 1

Philosophy

Question 2

allowed liberal ideas to flow into the archipelago

Answer 2

Opening of suez Canal 1869

Question 3

provide a fertile ground in the country for the seeds of revolution to flourish

Answer 3

Socio-economic and political condition

Question 4

stresses belief in the ability of men and women to establish functioning social communities without the need for apparatus of state

Answer 4

Anarchism

Question 5

advocates destruction of the existing society by revolution for the birth of a new and better one

Answer 5

Anarchism

Question 6

They claim that the state is parasite and an enemy of the people.

Answer 6

Bakunin and kropotkin

Question 7

They encourage the abolition of private property and the exposition of fraud in the guise religion.

Answer 7

Bakunin and kropotkin

Question 8

They glorify revolution as the only way to effect change.

Answer 8

Bakunin and kropotkin

Question 9

“Man is naturally good but he is corrupted by his institution or society”

Answer 9

Bakunin

Question 10

Leading theorist of Anarchism

Answer 10

Bakunin

Question 11

He hated all forms of authority, believing that society must be organized from the bottom upwards by a spontaneous cooperation and association.

Answer 11

Bakunin

Question 12

Types of anarchism

Answer 12

Classical anarchy
Anarcho-Individualist
Anarcho-Syndicalist

Question 13

kind of anarchy where violence is a necessity to uproot the old system to counter resistance of the ruling class

Answer 13

Classical Anarchy

Question 14

intensely critical of social and political roles of religion in deceiving the people

Answer 14

Classical anarchy

Question 15

praises the role of trade unions, advocates general strikes and prefers civil disobedience

Answer 15

Anarcho-syndicalist

Question 16

basis is the supreme value of importance of individual freedom. This freedom is deemed as the superior moral right of man against any law or policy of the state. An individual bases his civil disobedience on personal and ethical consideration.

Answer 16

Anarcho-syndicalist

Question 17

one’s protest may be in form of radical pacifism, renouncing revolutionary violence against the state.

Answer 17

Anarcho-Individualist

Question 18

predict the revolution between the capitalist and the proletariat: the trio of thesis, antithesis and synthesis that results to the success of the proletariat.

Answer 18

Communism

Question 19

based on the theories of Marx as interpreted and modified by Lenin

Answer 19

Communism

Question 20

their long-range goal is a society that provides equality and economic security for all

Answer 20

Communism

Question 21

A theory and system of social and political organization that was a major force in world politics for much of the 20th

Answer 21

Communism

Question 22

sought to overthrow capitalism through a worker’s revolution and establish a system in which property is owned by the community as a whole rather than by individuals

Answer 22

Communism

Question 23

T/G
In theory, communism would create aclassless societyof abundance and freedom, in which all people enjoy equal social and economic status.

Answer 23

T

Question 24

T/F
Communists believe that only a violent revolution could improve the plight of workingmen

Answer 24

T

Question 25

ideology that seeks to preserve the status quo who, when change becomes necessary in tested institutions and practices, prefers that it come slowly, and in moderation

Answer 25

Conservatism (william safire)

Question 26

may be taken as cautionary measure to change

Answer 26

Conservatism

Question 27

He argued that man’s natural state was war. Governments, particularly a monarchy, was necessary to restrain man’s bestial tendencies because life without government was a “state of nature.”

Answer 27

Thomas Hobbes

Question 28

He argued men must give up to government certain rights. Without government, life would basically be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short”—a constant struggle to survive against the evil of others.

Answer 28

Hobbes

Question 29

was the first strong exponent of conservatism

Answer 29

Edmund Burke

Question 30

He contended that to get power and stay in power, a ruler had to forget his ideals. He learned that by nature, humans are not good, kind, loyal or honest.

Answer 30

Niccolo Machiavelli

Question 31

“ A wise ruler… cannot and should not observe faith when it is to his disadvantage and the causes that made him give his promise have vanished. If men were all good, this advice would not be good, but since men are wicked and do not keep their promises to you, you likewise do not have to keep yours to them.”

Answer 31

Niccolo Machiavelli

Question 32

Believed that the state should be all-powerful. He said that every political act had only one means of measure—success

Answer 32

Niccolo Machiavelli

Question 33

state is viewed as an organ, the product of a healthy society, a living organism, whose parts are subordinate to and contributory to the welfare of the whole

Answer 33

Organicism

Question 34

Means excellence

Answer 34

Arete

Question 35

from the word ‘ARETE’ meaning excellence, this is the rule of the best where the members of a community place confidence on a distinct group and doubt the capacity of the masses to rule

Answer 35

Aristocracy

Question 36

views the separation of the church and state as undesirable. State and church must shared equal power.

Answer 36

Clericalism

Question 37

was very popular during the middle age, it justifies absolute monarchy

Answer 37

Divine Right Theory

Question 38

Politics was merged with religious beliefs that serve as persuasive sanction. I t advocates the idea that leaders derived their power from God . The leaders are the representatives of God. This was later changed by political thinkers who separated politics from religion and moral ethics

Answer 38

Divine Right Theory

Question 39

traditions and institutions are generally considered the best since they have been tested by time.

Answer 39

Traditionalism

Question 40

concept where the aristocratic group is to play parents of the masses as children, under the tutelage of the latter. It is a tyrant-slave mentality, a form of oppression

Answer 40

Paternalism

Question 41

practice of submitting oneself to authority and subordination to basic institutions. These are ascribed to the role assigned to leaders as part of the organic social whole and are presumed to be just and legitimate.

Answer 41

Compliance

Question 42

this concept claims that man shapes society and society is shaped by man. Society therefore, is the reflection of man’s nature and collective behavior in a particular polity

Answer 42

Social Pessimism

Question 43

Corollary to this, it claims that social ills cannot be blamed on the defects of a social system alone but are imputed also on the nature, weakness and defects of man himself.

Answer 43

Social Pessimism

Question 44

Places its faith in the rationality and goodness of man. It expresses demand for freedom of expression and equality of opportunity.

Answer 44

Liberalism

Question 45

postulates that men are born equal yet, this doctrine admits that men differ in incidences and accidents

Answer 45

Liberalism

Question 46

expresses demand for freedom of expression and equality of opportunity

Answer 46

Liberalism

Question 47

claims that man is a rational being, endowed with natural rights such as life, liberty and property. Man entered into a covenant with the government.

Answer 47

Natural Right Liberalism (John Locke)

Question 48

said to be the prophet of democracy and the main proponent of natural rights liberalism

Answer 48

John Locke

Question 49

Book that says “man by nature is selfish, cruel and always seeking for his self-glorification”

Answer 49

Leviathan

Question 50

According to him, men formed governments largely to preserve life, liberty, and property, and to assure justice. If governments act improperly, they break their “contract” with the people and therefore no longer enjoy the consent of the governed.

Answer 50

John Locke

Question 51

Everything is good when it leaves the hands of the creator but everything degenerates in the hands of man”. “Man is born free but everywhere in chains”

Answer 51

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Question 52

claimed that man is inherently good but the false values of society corrupt him. He claimed that a people’s consent alone legitimizes government and the processes of decision-making must be participated by all.

Answer 52

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Question 53

He said that it is the right of the people to stage civil disobedience or to take up arms when a government breaks its covenant with them. He prescribes eternal vigilance on the part of the governed against their people

Answer 53

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Question 54

justifies inequalities if such inequalities are necessitated by the common weal and where there is freedom coupled with maturity.

Answer 54

Utilitarian liberalism

Question 55

ideology believes in the relativeness of truth and in the freedom of expression

Answer 55

Utilitarian liberalism

Question 56

takes evolution as one of the laws of nature. While it discourages aid to the unfits of society, it is optimistic that in the far-off future, man will achieve the ideal state.

Answer 56

Social Darwinist Liberalism

Question 57

is a political theory based on Darwin’s theory on natural selection, that is, the process whereby individual variations or peculiarities that are of advantage in a certain environment tend to become perpetuated in the race (survival of the fittest). Thus the belief that some people were born to rule and others were destined to serve others.

Answer 57

Evolution

Question 58

T/F Darwin believed that betterment is the outcome of fast and steady processes

Answer 58

F (slow)

Question 59

This theory which began with Plato

Answer 59

Social contract

Question 60

This is in contrast with Divine Right theory

Answer 60

Social contract

Question 61

Kings derive their power from the people. While the rulers have the obligation to look after the general welfare, the people have the obligation to support their rulers. When governance is oppressive it is the right of the people to overthrow such government.

Answer 61

Social contract

Question 62

is the belief that people are free and equal by God-given right and that this in turn requires that all people give their consent to be governed

Answer 62

Social contract

Question 63

This theory justifies the right of the people to revolt against a bad ruler.

Answer 63

Social contract

Question 64

an advocacy that religious influence should be restricted in education, morality, and politics and economic. The state must be independent of religion.

Answer 64

Secularism

Question 65

Derived from the Latin word “DEUS” meaning God

Answer 65

Deism

Question 66

The “ New Theology” of the enlightenment philosophers, which constructed the theory of natural revelation as a substitute for the Christian notion of supernatural revelation”.

Answer 66

Deism

Question 67

Denies the occurrence of miracles and mysteries and encourages man to see and feel the message of the Supreme Being through nature.

Answer 67

Deism

Question 68

A movement or system of thought advocating natural religion, emphasizing morality and in the 18th century denying the interference of the creator with the laws of the universe.

Answer 68

Deism

Question 69

T/F The deists believed that God stayed out of people’s daily lives and praying was useless. 

Answer 69

T

Question 70

Rituals were viewed as unimportant, and religious differences were viewed as silly.

Answer 70

Deism

Question 71

accepted the teachings of deism.

Answer 71

Francois Arouet

Question 72

began in 14th century Italy.

Answer 72

Humanism

Question 73

“If there were no God, it would be necessary to invent one.”

Answer 73

Francois Arouet

Question 74

taught people to live a full life and welcome new experiences.

Answer 74

Humanist