PHILO

Question 1

PHILOSOPHERS

Answer 1

Socrates
469/470-
399 BCE

Plato
(428/427
-
348/347
BCE)

Aristotle
384-322
BCE

Question 2

He is the founder of the systematic, and
scientific examination in the area of human
knowledge. He is known, in his time, as
“the man who knew everything.”

Answer 2

Socrates

Question 3

His followers considered him pre-eminent
Greek philosopher, known for his
Dialogues, and for founding his Academy
north of Athens, traditionally considered
the first university in the western world.

Answer 3

Plato

Question 4

He is one of the Greek philosophers, who is
considered as the father of western
philosophy.

Answer 4

Aristotle

Question 5

fundamental level is the world made
out of

Answer 5

water, or air, or fire, or earth,

Question 6

one of the Greek philosophers, is
named as the Father of Western Philosophy.

Answer 6

Socrates,

Question 7

Father of Western Philosophy.

Answer 7

Socrates,

Question 8

“the
man who knew everything”

Answer 8

Socrates,

Question 9

was the first philosopher who systematically studied,
recorded, and criticized previous philosophers’ work.

Answer 9

Aristotle

Question 10

concentrated on his philosophical theory combined the approaches of
the schools of both Thales and Pythagoras

Answer 10

Plato

Question 11

comes from the two classical Greek
words: “Philos” means “love” and “Sophia” means “wisdom.”

Answer 11

“philosophy”

Question 12

means “love”

Answer 12

“Philos”

Question 13

means “wisdom.”

Answer 13

“Sophia”

Question 14

is defined as “love of wisdom”

Answer 14

Philosophy

Question 15

Process of Doing Philosophy:

Answer 15

begins in wonder.
engages in reflection or thinking.
entails the formulation and evaluation of
argument.

Question 16

“examined life”

Answer 16

Plato’s

Question 17

calls these two kinds of thinking “primary” and “secondary”
reflection

Answer 17

Marcel

Question 18

One of the benefits of the primary reflection as purported by
is that it trains the mind to have a logical thinking.

Answer 18

Gabriel Marcel

Question 19

According to Pannone (2017), thinkers found
the answers. Yet, the answers need to be

Answer 19

critiqued, reformulated, and challenged

Question 20

And as a thinking being, a human person can

Answer 20

reflect
formulate
evaluate

Question 21

Branch of philosophy that focuses
on the analysis of arguments.

Answer 21

LOGIC

Question 22

Group of statement that
appears to be
arguments, but fail to
support the conclusions.

Answer 22

FALLACY

Question 23

Attacking the person
presenting the argument
instead of the argument

itself.

Answer 23

Argumentum ad Hominem

Question 24

Baculum means scepter or stick. A
scepter is a symbol of authority.

Answer 24

Argumentum ad Baculum

(Appeal to force)

Question 25

Misercordiam came from Latin word Misercodia which means pity or compassion. A person uses emotion such as pity to convince someone.

Answer 25

Argumentum ad Misercordiam (Appeal to pity)

Question 26

Populum is the latin word for people. Most of TV commercials are guilty of this argument which exploit people’s vanity, desires etc.

Answer 26

Argumentum ad Populum (Appeal to people/bandwagon)

Question 27

Traditio means tradition. Advancing an idea since it has been practice for a long time. The idea is acceptable because it has been true for being a long time.

Answer 27

Argumentum ad Tradition (Appeal to tradition)

Question 28

Ignorantiam a latin word for ignorance. Whatever has been proven false must be true and vice versa.

Answer 28

Argumentum ad Ignorantiam (Appeal to ignorance)

Question 29

The fallacy is committed when one reaches generalization based on insufficient evidence.

Answer 29

Hasty Generalization

Question 30

(Begging the Question) - A fallacy in which a conclusion is taken for granted in the premises is true. - Assuming the thing or idea to

Answer 30

Petitio Principii

Question 31

assuming that what is true of a part is also true for the whole.

Answer 31

Fallacy of Composition

Question 31

Assuming a claim on a cause and effect relationship between unrelated events.

Answer 31

Post Hoc (False Cause)

Question 32

assuming that what is true of a part is also true for the whole.

Answer 32

Fallacy of Composition –

Question 33

assuming that what is true for the whole is also true of its.

Answer 33

Fallacy of Division

Question 34

using a word that has the same spelling or sound, but it has different meaning.

Answer 34

Fallacy of Equivocation

Question 35

clear awareness and understanding of something that is based on reality. It simply means that what we know is what is observable or evident in the real world.

Answer 35

Knowledge

Question 36

propositions or statements which are observed to be real, truthful, actual, and certain. It is something that has occurred or has been proven correct.

Answer 36

Facts

Question 37

statement that is not evidently or immediately known to be true. This implies that any claim can be proven by verification and experimentation. It can either be factual or judgment. We make claims when stating our opinions or sharing facts with others.

Answer 37

Claim

Question 38

Something that has existed, and will exist.

Answer 38

Claim of Fact

Question 39

Asserts judgment whether it is good or bad, more or less.

Answer 39

Claim of Value

Question 40

Something that should be or should not be done.

Answer 40

Claim of Policy

Question 41

The first thing to consider when evaluating and assessing an opinion is knowing the origin of the material.

Answer 41

Source

Question 42

Credibility is also required when checking the accuracy of the person giving the opinion. Consider the reputation and the expertise of the person about the topic.

Answer 42

Reliability

Question 43

Identify the main reason why the opinion is given. Evaluate if it is intended to inform or persuade. Consider reason and evidence in doing this step.

Answer 43

Purpose

Question 44

– prejudice in favor of or against one person, thing or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.

Answer 44

Bias

Question 45

– ideas that one accepts as facts but makes no effort to prove it. A thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen without proof.

Answer 45

Assumption

Question 46

is the general term commonly used to refer to the entire human race.

Answer 46

Man

Question 47

refers to man as a species - homo sapiens sapiens. The term human being is also used to distinguish man from other animals.

Answer 47

Human

Question 48

is a much more complex term that generally refers to a human being granted recognition of certain protections, responsibilities, and dignity.

Answer 48

Person

Question 49

refers to the characteristics that distinguish humans from all other creatures. These traits are assumed to arise independently of the influence of culture and society.

Answer 49

Human nature

Question 50

Human beings by nature are limited. This limitation is caused by having our bodies. To understand the human person, Plato asserted that man is composed of body and soul.

Answer 50

Dualistic Point of View of Human Being

Question 51

Aristotle is a student of Plato. However, they do differ in their understanding of man. Aristotle asserts that there is no division between the body and the soul.

Answer 51

Union Between Body and Soul

Question 52

Man has a body. However, he is not only a walking body. Man is equipped with rationality. According to Aristotle, rationality is what separates man from all other animals.

Answer 52

Man as a Rational Being

Question 53

These are the things in our life that are already given. It points-out to the things in our life that are already given like our life, gender, parents, and status in life.

Answer 53

Facticity

Question 54

Because of our body, we are limited by space and time. At times, we are too engrossed in our past or very anxious about what will happen to us.

Answer 54

Spatial-Temporal Being-

Question 55

involves the love of other things

Answer 55

(biophilia)

Question 56

the love of other beings

Answer 56

(cosmophilia).

Question 57

is one of the major views that defines our relationship with the environment. What is this all about? This “ism” focuses on humanity’s role in the world.

Answer 57

Anthropocentrism

Question 58

is another view that asserts that all living things found in the cosmos are equally important. It means that human life is equally important with all life forms in the ecosystem.

Answer 58

Biocentrism