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is an electronic
device that manipulates
information, or “data.” It
can store, retrieve, and
process data.
computer
It is any part of your computer
that has a physical structure.
HARDWARE
It is any set of instructions that
tells the hardware what to do.
SOFTWARE
are designed for use
at a desk or table. They are typically
larger and more powerful than other
types of personal computers. Desktop
computers are made up of separate
components.
DESKTOP COMPUTER
Is battery or AC-powered personal
computer that are more portable than
desktop computers, allowing you to use
them almost anywhere.
LAPTOP
It a computer that “serves up”
information to other computers on a
network.
SERVER
It is approximately the size of a
hardcover book (seven inches or
bigger), and resembles a large
smartphone.
TABLET
that allows
you to do more than make
phone calls and send text
messages.
can browse the Internet and run
software programs like a
computer.
use a touch screen to allow
users to interact with them
SMARTPHONE
Two Main Style of Personal Computer
MAC PC
was introduced in 1984,
and it was the first widely
sold personal computer
with a Graphical User
Interface, or GUI
(pronounced gooey).
Macintosh
This type of computer
began with the original
IBM PC that was
introduced in 1981.
PC
BASIC PARTS OF COMPUTER
SYSTEM UNIT
MOUSE
MONITOR
KEYBOARD
SPEAKER
PRINTER
is the core of a
computer system. Usually it’s a
rectangular box placed on or
underneath your desk.
SYSTEM UNIT
is used to interact with
items on your computer
screen.
MOUSE
referred to as a VDT (video
display terminal) and VDU
(video display unit), a monitor
is an output device that
displays video images and
text.
MONITOR
It is an input device the main way to enter
information into your computer.
KEYBOARD
is an external hardware output
device that takes the electronic data
stored on a computer or other device
and generates a hard copy of it.
PRINTER
are used to play sound. They
can be built into the system unit or
connected with cables.
SPEAKER
types of printers
Laser
Inkjet printers
3D printing
Thermal printers
THE INTERNAL HARDWARE
MOTHERBOARD
MOTHERBOARDFORM FACTORS
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
Clock Speed
FSB Front Side Bus
Cache
It is the main circuit board within a
typical desktop computer, laptop
or server.
MOTHERBOARD
is the specification of a
motherboard – the
dimensions, power supply
type, location of mounting
holes, number of ports on
the back panel, etc.
MOTHERBOARDFORM FACTORS
It is the
hardware within a computer that
carries out the instructions of a
computer program by performing the
basic arithmetical, logical, and
input/output operations of the system.
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
is a processor’s rating that measure a certain number of
information processed per second.
Clock Speed
serves as the processors connection to the system memory.
FSB Front Side Bus
enables the processor to speedily access recently used
information.
Cache
is a hardware device that allows information to be stored and
retrieved on a computer.
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
come in two main
sizes, as shown in figure
below, so both sizes require a
different-size socket. Ancient,
pre-Pentium computers use
the smaller size (31⁄2 inches
long), which has 30 pins and
usually holds less than 20MB
of memory.
SINGLE INLINE MEMORY MODULE
SDRAM DIMM
(Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory Dual In-line
Memory Modules)
With 168 pins, the 5 1⁄4-inch DIMMs (as shown
below) look much like longer SIMMs.
SDRAM DIMM
RDRAM
(Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory)
a super-fast, super-expensive memory in
the late 1990s and covered the chips with a cool-looking heat
shield.
RDRAM
biggest competitor to RDRAM, this stuff does some tricky
piggybacking on the memory bus to speed things up dramatically
DDR SDRAM
DDR SDRAM
(DOUBLE DATA RATE SYNCHRONOUS RANDOM
ACCESS MEMORY)
is the second generation of
DDR memory that was released in September 2003.
DDR2
chips have bus clock speed of 400
MHz up to 1066 MHz, range in size from
1 to 24 GB, and consume nearly 30%
less power than their predecessors. 2007
DDR3 SDRAM (DOUBLE DATA RATE SYNCHRONOUS RANDOM
ACCESS MEMORY)
has bus clock speeds that range from 800 to 1600 MHz and
range in storage capacity from 4 to 128 GB per DIMM. DDR4 is
also more efficient at 1.2 V when compared to DDR3’s 1.5 to
1.65 V range.
DDR4 SDRAM (DOUBLE DATA RATE SYNCHRONOUS RANDOM
ACCESS MEMORY)
is a non-
volatile memory hardware device that permanently stores and retrieves data on a computer.
HARD DISK
Convert direct current (DC)
power that your motherboard,
drives and other peripherals
need.
POWER SUPPLY UNIT
A power connector for floppy
disk
berg
A power connector for IDE
devices such as hard disk and
optical disc drive
molex
SATA power connector is a
connector for SATA devices
(e.g. hard disk, optical disc
drive)
SATA
main power connector of the
motherboard
24 pin ATX
is a standard motherboard power
connector used to provide +12
VDC to the processor voltage
regulator
4 pin ATX
It is a power connector for
video card
PCIE Power
connector
PCIE
peripheral component interconnect express
(also called a
video adapter, display card,
graphics card, graphics
board, display adapter or
graphics adapter) is an
expansion card which
generates a feed of output
images to a display.
GRAPHICS CARD
came in both 32-bit
(133MBps) and 64-bit versions and was
used to attach hardware to a computer
including video card.
Peripheral Component
Interconnect, PCI
AGP
accelerated graphics port,
is an advanced port designed
for video cards and 3D accelerators.
AGP
Approved in July 2002 as a serial
computer expansion bus standard.
PCI-E
originally known as 3rd Generation I/O (3GIO),
PCI Express, or PCIe.
is a digital display interface
developed by the Video Electronics Standards
Association (VESA). It can also be used to
transmit audio, USB, and other forms of data.
DisplayPort
simultaneously transmitting visual and
audio data via the same cable.
High Definition Multimedia Interface
(DVI) Digital-based
standard designed for displays such as flat-panel
displays (LCDs, plasma screens, wide high-
definition television displays) and video projectors
Digital Visual Interface
is standard interface for
analog monitor. It was designed for CRT
displays.
Analog D-Sub
Common IO ports
The PS/2 (Personal System/2) port,
DVI PORT (Digital Visual Interface)
Parallel Port
Video graphic array port (VGA port)
USB port
LAN port
USB port (possibly a USB 1.1 or USB 2.0 port)
Line in
Line out
MIC
also referred to as the
mouse port or keyboard port, was developed by IBM. It is used
to connect a computer mouse or keyboard to an IBM
compatible computer.
The PS/2 (Personal System/2) port,
is a mini DIN plug that
contains six pins and is still sometimes found on all IBM
compatible computers.
The PS/2 port
is a video display interface. It
was developed for transmitting digital video content to display devices
at resolutions as high as 2560 x 1600. DVI can even be used with
some TVs, although HDMI is more common as only some DVI cables
can transmit audio signals.
DVI PORT (Digital Visual Interface)
referred to as the Centronics interface or Centronics connector after
the company that originally designed it, the port was later developed
by Epson.
Parallel Port
is a
popular display standard developed by IBM and introduced in 1987.
Video graphic array port (VGA port)
released in
November 2008. Most new computers and devices being
manufactured today support
USB port
referred to as an Ethernet port, network connection, and network port,
LAN port
was released in April 2000 and was stated to have a
data transfer rate of up to 480 Mbps.
USB port (possibly a USB 1.1 or USB 2.0 port)
referred to as audio in and sound in, the line in or line-in is a
jack found on computer sound cards that enable a user to
connect an external audio device.
Line in
referred to as audio out and sound out, the line out jack is
found on computer sound cards.
It allows external speakers, headphones, or other output
devices to be connected to the computer, transfering computer
generated audio to the devices so that it can be heard.
Line out
Port use to insert microphone*
MIC
