css Flashcards by Sy Deped

is an electronic
device that manipulates
information, or “data.” It
can store, retrieve, and
process data.

computer

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It is any part of your computer
that has a physical structure.

HARDWARE

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It is any set of instructions that
tells the hardware what to do.

SOFTWARE

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are designed for use
at a desk or table. They are typically
larger and more powerful than other
types of personal computers. Desktop
computers are made up of separate
components.

DESKTOP COMPUTER

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Is battery or AC-powered personal
computer that are more portable than
desktop computers, allowing you to use
them almost anywhere.

LAPTOP

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It a computer that “serves up”
information to other computers on a
network.

SERVER

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It is approximately the size of a
hardcover book (seven inches or
bigger), and resembles a large
smartphone.

TABLET

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that allows
you to do more than make
phone calls and send text
messages.
can browse the Internet and run
software programs like a
computer.
use a touch screen to allow
users to interact with them

SMARTPHONE

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Two Main Style of Personal Computer

MAC PC

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was introduced in 1984,
and it was the first widely
sold personal computer
with a Graphical User
Interface, or GUI
(pronounced gooey).

Macintosh

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This type of computer
began with the original
IBM PC that was
introduced in 1981.

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BASIC PARTS OF COMPUTER

SYSTEM UNIT
MOUSE
MONITOR
KEYBOARD
SPEAKER
PRINTER

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is the core of a
computer system. Usually it’s a
rectangular box placed on or
underneath your desk.

SYSTEM UNIT

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is used to interact with
items on your computer
screen.

MOUSE

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referred to as a VDT (video
display terminal) and VDU
(video display unit), a monitor
is an output device that
displays video images and
text.

MONITOR

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It is an input device the main way to enter
information into your computer.

KEYBOARD

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is an external hardware output
device that takes the electronic data
stored on a computer or other device
and generates a hard copy of it.

PRINTER

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are used to play sound. They
can be built into the system unit or
connected with cables.

SPEAKER

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types of printers

Laser
Inkjet printers
3D printing
Thermal printers

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THE INTERNAL HARDWARE

MOTHERBOARD
MOTHERBOARDFORM FACTORS
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
Clock Speed
FSB Front Side Bus
Cache

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It is the main circuit board within a
typical desktop computer, laptop
or server.

MOTHERBOARD

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is the specification of a
motherboard – the
dimensions, power supply
type, location of mounting
holes, number of ports on
the back panel, etc.

MOTHERBOARDFORM FACTORS

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It is the
hardware within a computer that
carries out the instructions of a
computer program by performing the
basic arithmetical, logical, and
input/output operations of the system.

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

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is a processor’s rating that measure a certain number of
information processed per second.

Clock Speed

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serves as the processors connection to the system memory.

FSB Front Side Bus

enables the processor to speedily access recently used information.

Cache

is a hardware device that allows information to be stored and retrieved on a computer.

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

come in two main sizes, as shown in figure below, so both sizes require a different-size socket. Ancient, pre-Pentium computers use the smaller size (31⁄2 inches long), which has 30 pins and usually holds less than 20MB of memory.

SINGLE INLINE MEMORY MODULE

SDRAM DIMM

(Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory Dual In-line Memory Modules)

With 168 pins, the 5 1⁄4-inch DIMMs (as shown below) look much like longer SIMMs.

SDRAM DIMM

RDRAM

(Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory)

a super-fast, super-expensive memory in the late 1990s and covered the chips with a cool-looking heat shield.

RDRAM

biggest competitor to RDRAM, this stuff does some tricky piggybacking on the memory bus to speed things up dramatically

DDR SDRAM

(DOUBLE DATA RATE SYNCHRONOUS RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)

is the second generation of DDR memory that was released in September 2003.

DDR2

chips have bus clock speed of 400 MHz up to 1066 MHz, range in size from 1 to 24 GB, and consume nearly 30% less power than their predecessors. 2007

DDR3 SDRAM (DOUBLE DATA RATE SYNCHRONOUS RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)

has bus clock speeds that range from 800 to 1600 MHz and range in storage capacity from 4 to 128 GB per DIMM. DDR4 is also more efficient at 1.2 V when compared to DDR3's 1.5 to 1.65 V range.

DDR4 SDRAM (DOUBLE DATA RATE SYNCHRONOUS RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)

is a non- volatile memory hardware device that permanently stores and retrieves data on a computer.

HARD DISK

Convert direct current (DC) power that your motherboard, drives and other peripherals need.

POWER SUPPLY UNIT

A power connector for floppy disk

berg

A power connector for IDE devices such as hard disk and optical disc drive

molex

SATA power connector is a connector for SATA devices (e.g. hard disk, optical disc drive)

SATA

main power connector of the motherboard

24 pin ATX

is a standard motherboard power connector used to provide +12 VDC to the processor voltage regulator

4 pin ATX

It is a power connector for video card

PCIE Power connector

PCIE

peripheral component interconnect express

(also called a video adapter, display card, graphics card, graphics board, display adapter or graphics adapter) is an expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a display.

GRAPHICS CARD

came in both 32-bit (133MBps) and 64-bit versions and was used to attach hardware to a computer including video card.

Peripheral Component Interconnect, PCI

AGP

accelerated graphics port,

is an advanced port designed for video cards and 3D accelerators.

AGP

Approved in July 2002 as a serial computer expansion bus standard.

PCI-E

originally known as 3rd Generation I/O (3GIO),

PCI Express, or PCIe.

is a digital display interface developed by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA). It can also be used to transmit audio, USB, and other forms of data.

DisplayPort

simultaneously transmitting visual and audio data via the same cable.

High Definition Multimedia Interface

(DVI) Digital-based standard designed for displays such as flat-panel displays (LCDs, plasma screens, wide high- definition television displays) and video projectors

Digital Visual Interface

is standard interface for analog monitor. It was designed for CRT displays.

Analog D-Sub

Common IO ports

The PS/2 (Personal System/2) port, DVI PORT (Digital Visual Interface) Parallel Port Video graphic array port (VGA port) USB port LAN port USB port (possibly a USB 1.1 or USB 2.0 port) Line in Line out MIC

also referred to as the mouse port or keyboard port, was developed by IBM. It is used to connect a computer mouse or keyboard to an IBM compatible computer.

The PS/2 (Personal System/2) port,

is a mini DIN plug that contains six pins and is still sometimes found on all IBM compatible computers.

The PS/2 port

is a video display interface. It was developed for transmitting digital video content to display devices at resolutions as high as 2560 x 1600. DVI can even be used with some TVs, although HDMI is more common as only some DVI cables can transmit audio signals.

DVI PORT (Digital Visual Interface)

referred to as the Centronics interface or Centronics connector after the company that originally designed it, the port was later developed by Epson.

Parallel Port

is a popular display standard developed by IBM and introduced in 1987.

Video graphic array port (VGA port)

released in November 2008. Most new computers and devices being manufactured today support

USB port

referred to as an Ethernet port, network connection, and network port,

LAN port

was released in April 2000 and was stated to have a data transfer rate of up to 480 Mbps.

USB port (possibly a USB 1.1 or USB 2.0 port)

referred to as audio in and sound in, the line in or line-in is a jack found on computer sound cards that enable a user to connect an external audio device.

Line in

referred to as audio out and sound out, the line out jack is found on computer sound cards. It allows external speakers, headphones, or other output devices to be connected to the computer, transfering computer generated audio to the devices so that it can be heard.

Line out

Port use to insert microphone*

MIC