Phase I, Block V - Chemical, Biological and Radiological Warfare

Question 1

What is chemical warfare?

Answer 1

Employment of chemical agents intended for use in military operations to kill, injure, or incapacitate personnel.

Question 2

What are the four types of chemical agents?

Answer 2

• Nerve agents
• Blister agents
• Blood agents
• Choking agents

Question 3

Define nerve agent and give some examples.

Answer 3

• Liquid agent that disrupt nerve impulses to the body while damaging body functions rather than tissue.
• Sarin (GB), Tabun (GA), Soman (GD), and VX.

Question 4

Define blister agent and give some examples.

Answer 4

• Solid or liquid agent that can cause inflammation, blisters, and general destruction of tissues often resulting in temporary blindness and/or death.
• Distilled mustard (HD), Lewisite (L), Phosgene Oxime (CX), and Levinstein Mustard (HL).

Question 5

Define blood agent and give some examples.

Answer 5

• Gaseous agent that attack enzymes carrying oxygen in the blood stream, which can cause rapid breathing or choking due to lack of oxygen in the blood.
• Hydrogen Cyanide (AC), Cyanogen Chloride (CK), and Arsine (SA).

Question 6

Define choking agent and give some examples.

Answer 6

• Gaseous or liquid agent with initial symptoms include: tears, dry throat, nausea, vomiting, and headache. Lungs can become filled with fluid, making victim feel as if they are drowning, causing rapid and shallow breathing.
• Phosgene (CG), Diphosgene

Question 7

What is M9 Chemical Agent Detector Paper?

Answer 7

Detects the presence of liquid chemical agents by turning red/reddish color; does not detect chemical agent vapors.

Question 8

What is atropine/2-PAM-chloride Auto Injector?

Answer 8

Used as therapy for nerve agent casualties. Issued for intramuscular injection, self-aid or first aid.

Question 9

What is biological warfare?

Answer 9

Use of agents to cause disease, sickness, or death to reduce the effectiveness of opposing combatant forces.

Question 10

What are the two types of biological agents?

Answer 10

• Pathogens

- Toxins

Question 11

List of pathogens that could be used as biological agents.

Answer 11

Bacteria, rickettsia, viruses, fungi, protozoa, prions.

Question 12

What is are the two category of toxins?

Answer 12

Categorization based on source that produce them and physiological affects caused in humans.

Question 13

What are the major grouping by source for toxins?

Answer 13

Mycotoxins, bacterial toxins, algal toxins, animal venoms, plant toxins.

Question 14

What are the primary groups based on physiological effects for toxins?

Answer 14

Neurotoxins, cytotoxins, enterotoxins, and dermatoxins.

Question 15

In regards to CBR, what is IPE?

Answer 15

Individual Protective Equipment

Question 16

What are the components included in IPE for CBR?

Answer 16

• Protective mask MCU-2P with components (C-2 canister filter)
• Advanced chemical protective garment
• Chemical protective gloves and liners
• Chemical protective overboots and laces
• Skin decontamination kit

Question 17

What tool is used to dictate which IPE is worn?

Answer 17

Mission Oriented Protective Posture (MOPP) level

Question 18

What is radiological warfare?

Answer 18

Deliberate use of radiological weapons to produce widespread injury and death of all life.

Question 19

What are the types of nuclear explosions?

Answer 19

• High altitude air burst
• Air burst
• Surface burst
• Shallow underwater burst
• Deep underwater burst

Question 20

Explain high altitude air burst nuclear explosion?

Answer 20

Occurs at altitudes 100,000 feet or more, with ionosphere disruptions and EMP.

Question 21

Explain airburst nuclear explosion.

Answer 21

Fireball does not reach the surface; vacuum created collects debris caused by severe blast damage resulting in radiation fallout.

Question 22

Explain surface burst nuclear explosion.

Answer 22

Has worst fallout due to fireball touching the surface resulting in massive radioactive fallout.

Question 23

Explain shallow underwater burst nuclear explosion.

Answer 23

Small fireball and blast wave, however causes large waves and water contamination.

Question 24

Explain deep underwater burst nuclear explosion.

Answer 24

Similar to underwater burst but with less visual effect and yields greater contaminated water.

Question 25

What are two types of shipboard shielding stations?

Answer 25

• Ready-shelter

- Deep-shelter

Question 26

What is a ready-shelter station?

Answer 26

• Inside the weather envelope with access to deep shelter

- Provide minimum shielding from nuclear radiation and allow crew to remain close to battle stations.

Question 27

What is a deep-shelter station?

Answer 27

• Located low in the ship and near the centerline.

- Provide maximum shielding from nuclear radiation; requiring personnel to be far from battle stations.

Question 28

What is Mission Oriented Protective Posture (MOPP)?

Answer 28

Management tool used to coordinate use of systems and equipment in Chemical or Biological environment.

Question 29

What is MOPP level 0?

Answer 29

Issue IPE, accessible in 5 minutes

Question 30

What is MOPP level 1?

Answer 30

• Afloat: Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit Technology (JSLIST), mask, gloves readily accessible
• Ashore: Don protective equipment, M9 tape

Question 31

What is MOPP level 2?

Answer 31

• Afloat: Mask carried, DECON supplies staged

- Ashore: Don protective over-boots

Question 32

What is MOPP level 3?

Answer 32

• Afloat: GQ, install filters, don over-boots

- Ashore: fill canteens, activate DECON stations.

Question 33

What is MOPP level 4?

Answer 33

• Afloat: Don mask/hood, gloves, activate Circle William and countermeasure washdown.
• Ashore: Gloves with liners, untie bow in retention cord, loop between legs and secure to web belt.