Phase I, Block V - Chemical, Biological and Radiological Warfare Flashcards

1
Q

What is chemical warfare?

A

Employment of chemical agents intended for use in military operations to kill, injure, or incapacitate personnel.

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2
Q

What are the four types of chemical agents?

A
  • Nerve agents
  • Blister agents
  • Blood agents
  • Choking agents
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3
Q

Define nerve agent and give some examples.

A
  • Liquid agent that disrupt nerve impulses to the body while damaging body functions rather than tissue.
  • Sarin (GB), Tabun (GA), Soman (GD), and VX.
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4
Q

Define blister agent and give some examples.

A
  • Solid or liquid agent that can cause inflammation, blisters, and general destruction of tissues often resulting in temporary blindness and/or death.
  • Distilled mustard (HD), Lewisite (L), Phosgene Oxime (CX), and Levinstein Mustard (HL).
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5
Q

Define blood agent and give some examples.

A
  • Gaseous agent that attack enzymes carrying oxygen in the blood stream, which can cause rapid breathing or choking due to lack of oxygen in the blood.
  • Hydrogen Cyanide (AC), Cyanogen Chloride (CK), and Arsine (SA).
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6
Q

Define choking agent and give some examples.

A
  • Gaseous or liquid agent with initial symptoms include: tears, dry throat, nausea, vomiting, and headache. Lungs can become filled with fluid, making victim feel as if they are drowning, causing rapid and shallow breathing.
  • Phosgene (CG), Diphosgene
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7
Q

What is M9 Chemical Agent Detector Paper?

A

Detects the presence of liquid chemical agents by turning red/reddish color; does not detect chemical agent vapors.

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8
Q

What is atropine/2-PAM-chloride Auto Injector?

A

Used as therapy for nerve agent casualties. Issued for intramuscular injection, self-aid or first aid.

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9
Q

What is biological warfare?

A

Use of agents to cause disease, sickness, or death to reduce the effectiveness of opposing combatant forces.

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10
Q

What are the two types of biological agents?

A
  • Pathogens

- Toxins

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11
Q

List of pathogens that could be used as biological agents.

A

Bacteria, rickettsia, viruses, fungi, protozoa, prions.

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12
Q

What is are the two category of toxins?

A

Categorization based on source that produce them and physiological affects caused in humans.

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13
Q

What are the major grouping by source for toxins?

A

Mycotoxins, bacterial toxins, algal toxins, animal venoms, plant toxins.

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14
Q

What are the primary groups based on physiological effects for toxins?

A

Neurotoxins, cytotoxins, enterotoxins, and dermatoxins.

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15
Q

In regards to CBR, what is IPE?

A

Individual Protective Equipment

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16
Q

What are the components included in IPE for CBR?

A
  • Protective mask MCU-2P with components (C-2 canister filter)
  • Advanced chemical protective garment
  • Chemical protective gloves and liners
  • Chemical protective overboots and laces
  • Skin decontamination kit
17
Q

What tool is used to dictate which IPE is worn?

A

Mission Oriented Protective Posture (MOPP) level

18
Q

What is radiological warfare?

A

Deliberate use of radiological weapons to produce widespread injury and death of all life.

19
Q

What are the types of nuclear explosions?

A
  • High altitude air burst
  • Air burst
  • Surface burst
  • Shallow underwater burst
  • Deep underwater burst
20
Q

Explain high altitude air burst nuclear explosion?

A

Occurs at altitudes 100,000 feet or more, with ionosphere disruptions and EMP.

21
Q

Explain airburst nuclear explosion.

A

Fireball does not reach the surface; vacuum created collects debris caused by severe blast damage resulting in radiation fallout.

22
Q

Explain surface burst nuclear explosion.

A

Has worst fallout due to fireball touching the surface resulting in massive radioactive fallout.

23
Q

Explain shallow underwater burst nuclear explosion.

A

Small fireball and blast wave, however causes large waves and water contamination.

24
Q

Explain deep underwater burst nuclear explosion.

A

Similar to underwater burst but with less visual effect and yields greater contaminated water.

25
Q

What are two types of shipboard shielding stations?

A
  • Ready-shelter

- Deep-shelter

26
Q

What is a ready-shelter station?

A
  • Inside the weather envelope with access to deep shelter

- Provide minimum shielding from nuclear radiation and allow crew to remain close to battle stations.

27
Q

What is a deep-shelter station?

A
  • Located low in the ship and near the centerline.

- Provide maximum shielding from nuclear radiation; requiring personnel to be far from battle stations.

28
Q

What is Mission Oriented Protective Posture (MOPP)?

A

Management tool used to coordinate use of systems and equipment in Chemical or Biological environment.

29
Q

What is MOPP level 0?

A

Issue IPE, accessible in 5 minutes

30
Q

What is MOPP level 1?

A
  • Afloat: Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit Technology (JSLIST), mask, gloves readily accessible
  • Ashore: Don protective equipment, M9 tape
31
Q

What is MOPP level 2?

A
  • Afloat: Mask carried, DECON supplies staged

- Ashore: Don protective over-boots

32
Q

What is MOPP level 3?

A
  • Afloat: GQ, install filters, don over-boots

- Ashore: fill canteens, activate DECON stations.

33
Q

What is MOPP level 4?

A
  • Afloat: Don mask/hood, gloves, activate Circle William and countermeasure washdown.
  • Ashore: Gloves with liners, untie bow in retention cord, loop between legs and secure to web belt.