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Resp Anatomy > Pharynx > Flashcards

Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

At what level is the pharynx continuous with the oesophagus

A

At the level of C6

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2
Q

Where do the pharyngotympanic tubes open into

A

Lateral walls of the nasopharynx

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3
Q

How is the pharynx separated from the vertebral column

A

Thin retropharyngeal space containing loose connective tissue

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4
Q

What does the soft palate do

A
  • swing up (elevate) to close the pharyngeal isthmus, and seal off the nasopharynx from the oropharynx, and
  • swing down (depress) to close the oropharyngeal isthmus and seal off the oral cavity from the oropharynx
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5
Q

Pharyngeal raphe

A
  • Welds the 2 sides of the pharyngeal wall together posteriorly in the midline by this vertically oriented cord-like ligament
  • Descends from pharyngeal tubercle on the base of the skull to C6 (then blends with CT in posterior wall of the oesophagus)
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6
Q

Anterior verticle line of attachment for the lateral pharyngeal walls

A
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7
Q

What is the pharyngeal fascia divided into

How are they differentiated

Function of fascia

A
  1. A thin layer (buccopharyngeal fascia) coats the outside of the muscular part of the wall and is a component of the pretracheal layer of cervical fascia
  2. A much thicker layer (pharyngobasilar fascia) lines the inner surface

Reinforces the pharyngeal wall where muscle is deficient

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8
Q

Gaps in the pharyngeal wall and structures passing through them

A
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9
Q

Nasopharynx structure

A
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10
Q

Where is there a large collection of lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx

What does enlargement result in

A

The pharyngeal tonsil is in the mucosa covering the roof of the nasopharynx

Enlargement of this tonsil (adenoids) can occlude the nasopharynx so that breathing is only possible through the oral cavity

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11
Q

What are the most prominent features on each lateral wall of the nasopharynx

A
  1. Pharyngeal opening of the pharyngotympanic tube
  2. Mucosal elevations and folds covering the end of the pharyngotympanic tube and adjacent muscles
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12
Q

Where exactly is the opening of the pharyngotympanic tube

A

Posterior and slightly above the level of the hard palate

Lateral to the top of the soft palate

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13
Q

What is the torus tubarius

A

Tubal elevation in the pharyngeal wall

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14
Q

What structure is posterior to the torus tubarius

A

Pharyngeal recess

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15
Q

2 mucosal folds related to the pharyngotympanic tube

A
  1. Small vertical salpingopharyngeal fold
  2. Broad fold/elevation that emerges just under the opening of the PT
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16
Q

What are valleculae

A

Depressions formed between a midline mucosal fold and 2 lateral folds that connect the tongue to the epiglottis

17
Q

Where does the laryngopharynx extend from

A

Superior margin of the epiglottis to the top of the oesophagus at the level of vertebra C6

18
Q

Function of the piriform fossae

A

Form channels that direct solids and liquids from the oral cavity around the raised laryngeal inlet and into the oesophagus

19
Q

Name the 3 tonsils

A
  1. Pharyngeal/adenoid (when enlarged) - MIDLINE
  2. Palatine - between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches posterior to the oropharyngeal isthmus
  3. Lingual - posterior 1/3rd of tongue
20
Q

Blood supply to the pharynx

A

essentially EXTERNAL CAROTID (upper)

  • Ascending pharyngeal
  • Acending palatine and tonsilar branches of FACIAL
  • Numerous branches of the maxillary and lingual arteries

essentially THYROCERVICAL TRUNK of SUBCLAVIAN (lower)

  • Pharyngeal branches from inf thyroid
21
Q

What is the major blood supply to the palatine tonsil

A

Tonsillar branch of the facial artery (which penetrates the superior constrictor muscle)

22
Q

Venous drainage of the pharynx

A

Veins form a plexus, which drains superiorly into pterygoid plexus in infratemporal fossa and inferiorly into the facial and internal jugular veins

23
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the pharynx

A

Drains into deep cervical nodes and include retropharyngeal (between nasopharynx and vertebral column), paratracheal and infrahyoid nodes

24
Q

Where do the palatine tonsils drain

A

Through the pharyngeal wall into the jugulodigastric nodes in the region where the facial vein drains into the internal jugular vein (and inferior to the belly of the digastric muscle)

25
Q

Motor and sensory innervation of the pharynx

A

Mainly through branches of the vagus (X) and glossopharyngeal (IX) nerves which form a plexus in the outer fascia of the pharyngeal wall

26
Q

What is the pharyngeal plexus formed by

A
  • pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (X)
  • branches from the external laryngeal nerve from the superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (X)
  • pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
27
Q

Where does the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (X)

A

originates from the upper part of its inferior ganglion above the origin of the superior laryngeal nerve and is the major motor nerve of the pharynx

28
Q

Innervation of the nasopharynx

A

By a pharyngeal branch of the maxillary nerve (V2) that originates in the pterygopalatine fossa and passes through the palatovaginal canal in the sphenoid bone to reach the roof of the pharynx

29
Q

Innervation of the oropharynx

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) via the pharyngeal plexus

This nerve carries sensory innervation from the palatine tonsil and is also the afferent limb of the gag reflex

30
Q

Innervation of the laryngopharynx

A

Vagus nerve (X) via the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

31
Q

Course of glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

A
  • Related to pharynx outside of cranial cavity
  • exits skull through jugular foramen
  • descends on posterior surface of the stylopharyngeus muscle
  • Passes onto lateral surface of muscle
  • passes through the oropharyngeal triangle between sup and middle constrictor and mylohyoid muscles
  • reaches posterior aspect of tongue
  • as it passes under the free edge of the superior constrictor, it is just inferior to the palatine tonsil lying on the deep surface of the superior constrictor
32
Q

Branches arising from the pharyngeal plexus

A

Pharyngeal branches to the pharyngeal plexus and a motor branch to the stylopharyngeus muscle are among branches that originate from the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) in the neck

Resp Anatomy (10 decks)

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