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Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

General structure of the larynx

A
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2
Q

What is the larynx suspended from and attached to

A

Hyoid bone above

trachea below

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3
Q

What happens to the larynx during swallowing

A

The dramatic upward and forward movements of the larynx facilitate closing the laryngeal inlet and opening the oesophagus

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4
Q

Motor and sensory innervation of the larynx

A

Vagus nerve (X)

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5
Q

Structure of cricoid cartilage

A
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6
Q

Attachments to the posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage

A

Oesophagus is attached to the ridge

Depressions are for attachment of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscles

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7
Q

Structure of thyroid cartilage

A
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8
Q

What is the oblique line a site of attachment for

A

Extrinsic muscles of the larynx

Sternothyroid

Thyrohyoid

Inferior constrictor

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9
Q

Structure of epiglottis

A
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10
Q

Structure of arytenoid cartilages

A
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11
Q

Cornicualte and cuneiform cartilages

A

Suspended in the part of the fibro-elastic membrane of the larynx that attaches the arytenoid cartilages to the lateral margin of the epiglottis

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12
Q

Thyrohyoid ligament

A
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13
Q

Cricothyroid ligament

A

When the airway is blocked above the level of the vocal folds, the median cricothyroid ligament can be perforated to establish an airway

Except for small vessels and the occasional presence of a pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland, normally there are few structures between the median cricothyroid ligament and skin

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14
Q

Quadrangular membrane

A
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15
Q

Vestibular ligament and vocal ligament

A
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16
Q

What sort of joints are the cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joints

A

Synovial - each is surrounded by a capsule and is re-inforced by associated ligaments

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17
Q

Movements of the cricothyroid joints

A

Because the vocal ligaments pass between the posterior aspect of the thyroid angle and the arytenoid cartilages that sit on the lamina of cricoid cartilage, forward movement and downward rotation of the thyroid cartilage on the cricoid cartilage effectively lengthens and puts tension on the vocal ligaments

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18
Q

Movements of the crico-arytenoid joints

A
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19
Q

Structure of the cavity of the larynx

What is the central cavity of the larynx lined with

A

Mucosa

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20
Q

LARYNGEAL CAVITY

  1. Anterior border
  2. Lateral borders
  3. Posterior border
A
  1. mucosa covering the superior margin of the epiglottis
  2. mucosal folds (aryepiglottic folds), which enclose the superior margins of the quadrangular membranes and adjacent soft tissues, and two tubercles on the more posterolateral margin of the laryngeal inlet on each side mark the positions of the underlying cuneiform and corniculate cartilages
  3. mucosal fold that forms a depression (interarytenoid notch) between the two corniculate tubercles
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21
Q

What is the inferior opening of the laryngeal cavity continuous with

A

The lumen of the trachea and is completely encircled by the cricoid cartilage - continuously open

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22
Q

What is within the walls of these laryngeal saccules

A

Numerous mucous glands

Mucus secreted into the saccules lubricates the vocal folds

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23
Q

Cricothyroid origin

A

cricoid cartilage

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24
Q

Cricothyroid insertion

A

Oblique part—inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage

straight part—inferior margin of thyroid cartilage

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25
Cricothyroid innervation
External branch of superior laryngeal nerve from the vagus nerve [X]
26
Cricothyroid action
Forward and downward rotation of the thyroid cartilage at the cricothyroid joint
27
Posterior crico-arytenoid origin
Oval depression on posterior surface of lamina of cricoid cartilage
28
Posterior crico-arytenoid insertion
Posterior surface of muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
29
Posterior crico-arytenoid innervation
Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve [X]
30
Posterior crico-arytenoid action
Abduction and external rotation of the arytenoid cartilage primary abductors of the vocal folds i.e. primary openers of the rima glottidis
31
Lateral crico-arytenoid origin
Superior surface of arch of cricoid cartilage
32
Lateral crico-arytenoid insertion
Anterior surface of muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
33
Lateral crico-arytenoid innervation
Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve [X]
34
Lateral crico-arytenoid action
Internal rotation of the arytenoid cartilage and adduction of vocal folds
35
Transverse arytenoid origin
Lateral border of posterior surface of arytenoid cartilage
36
Transverse arytenoid insertion
Lateral border of posterior surface of opposite arytenoid cartilage
37
Transverse arytenoid innervation
Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve [X]
38
Transverse arytenoid action
Adduction of arytenoid cartilages
39
Oblique arytenoid origin
Posterior surface of muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
40
Oblique arytenoid insertion
Posterior surface of apex of adjacent arytenoid cartilage extends into ary-epiglottic fold
41
Oblique arytenoid innervation
Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve [X]
42
Oblique arytenoid action
Sphincter of the laryngeal inlet
43
Thyro-arytenoid origin
Thyroid angle and adjacent cricothyroid ligament
44
Thyro-arytenoid insertion
Anterolateral surface of arytenoid cartilage some fibers continue in aryepiglottic folds to the lateral margin of the epiglottis
45
Thyro-arytenoid innervation
Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve [X]
46
Thyro-arytenoid action
Sphincter of vestibule and of laryngeal inlet
47
Vocalis origin
Lateral surface of vocal process of arytenoid cartilage
48
Vocalis insertion
Vocal ligament and thyroid angle
49
Vocalis innervation
Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve [X]
50
Vocalis action
Adjusts tension in vocal folds
51
Function of the larynx
Elaborate sphincter for lower resp tract Mechanism for producing sounds (changes in dimensions of the rima glottidis, rima vestibuli, vestibule, laryngeal inlet)
52
Blood supply to the larynx
By the superior and inferior laryngeal arteries
53
Where does the superior laryngeal a. originate
From the ext carotid and accompanies the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve through the thyrohyoid membrane
54
Where does the inferior laryngeal a. originate
Inferior thyroid branch of the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery low in the neck, and together with the recurrent laryngeal nerve, ascends in the groove between the oesophagus and trachea - enters larynx by passing deep to the margin of the inferior constrictor muscle of the pharynx
55
Venous drainage of the larynx
56
Lymphatics of the larynx ABOVE vocal folds
Follow the superior laryngeal artery and terminate in deep cervical nodes associated with the bifurcation of the common carotid artery
57
Lymphatics of the larynx BELOW vocal folds
Drain into deep nodes associated with the inferior thyroid artery or with nodes associated with the front of the cricothyroid ligament or upper tranchea
58
Sensory and motor innervation of the larynx
2 branches of the vagus nerves (X) - superior laryngeal - recurrent laryngeal
59
Path of the superior laryngeal nerves
Descends medial to the internal carotid artery and divides into internal and external branches just above the level of the superior horn of the hyoid bone EXTERNAL - descends along lateral wall of the pharynx to supply and penetrate the inferior constrictor of the pharynx and ends by supplying the cricothyroid muscle INTERNAL - passes anteroinferiorly to penetrate the thyrohyoid membrane—it is mainly sensory and supplies the laryngeal cavity down to the level of the vocal folds
60
What are the recurrent laryngeal nerves sensory to
Laryngeal cavity below the level of the vocal folds
61
What are the recurrent laryngeal nerves motor to
All intrinsic muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid
62
Difference in origin of the left and right recurrent laryngeal nerve Where do they ascend
Left - thorax Right - root of the neck Ascend in the groove between the oesophagus and trachea - enter larynx deep to the margin of the inferior constrictor

Resp Anatomy (10 decks)

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