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Resp Anatomy > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

General structure of the larynx

A
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2
Q

What is the larynx suspended from and attached to

A

Hyoid bone above

trachea below

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3
Q

What happens to the larynx during swallowing

A

The dramatic upward and forward movements of the larynx facilitate closing the laryngeal inlet and opening the oesophagus

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4
Q

Motor and sensory innervation of the larynx

A

Vagus nerve (X)

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5
Q

Structure of cricoid cartilage

A
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6
Q

Attachments to the posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage

A

Oesophagus is attached to the ridge

Depressions are for attachment of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscles

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7
Q

Structure of thyroid cartilage

A
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8
Q

What is the oblique line a site of attachment for

A

Extrinsic muscles of the larynx

Sternothyroid

Thyrohyoid

Inferior constrictor

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9
Q

Structure of epiglottis

A
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10
Q

Structure of arytenoid cartilages

A
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11
Q

Cornicualte and cuneiform cartilages

A

Suspended in the part of the fibro-elastic membrane of the larynx that attaches the arytenoid cartilages to the lateral margin of the epiglottis

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12
Q

Thyrohyoid ligament

A
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13
Q

Cricothyroid ligament

A

When the airway is blocked above the level of the vocal folds, the median cricothyroid ligament can be perforated to establish an airway

Except for small vessels and the occasional presence of a pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland, normally there are few structures between the median cricothyroid ligament and skin

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14
Q

Quadrangular membrane

A
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15
Q

Vestibular ligament and vocal ligament

A
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16
Q

What sort of joints are the cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joints

A

Synovial - each is surrounded by a capsule and is re-inforced by associated ligaments

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17
Q

Movements of the cricothyroid joints

A

Because the vocal ligaments pass between the posterior aspect of the thyroid angle and the arytenoid cartilages that sit on the lamina of cricoid cartilage, forward movement and downward rotation of the thyroid cartilage on the cricoid cartilage effectively lengthens and puts tension on the vocal ligaments

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18
Q

Movements of the crico-arytenoid joints

A
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19
Q

Structure of the cavity of the larynx

What is the central cavity of the larynx lined with

A

Mucosa

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20
Q

LARYNGEAL CAVITY

  1. Anterior border
  2. Lateral borders
  3. Posterior border
A
  1. mucosa covering the superior margin of the epiglottis
  2. mucosal folds (aryepiglottic folds), which enclose the superior margins of the quadrangular membranes and adjacent soft tissues, and two tubercles on the more posterolateral margin of the laryngeal inlet on each side mark the positions of the underlying cuneiform and corniculate cartilages
  3. mucosal fold that forms a depression (interarytenoid notch) between the two corniculate tubercles
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21
Q

What is the inferior opening of the laryngeal cavity continuous with

A

The lumen of the trachea and is completely encircled by the cricoid cartilage - continuously open

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22
Q

What is within the walls of these laryngeal saccules

A

Numerous mucous glands

Mucus secreted into the saccules lubricates the vocal folds

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23
Q

Cricothyroid origin

A

cricoid cartilage

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24
Q

Cricothyroid insertion

A

Oblique part—inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage

straight part—inferior margin of thyroid cartilage

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25
Q

Cricothyroid innervation

A

External branch of superior laryngeal nerve from the vagus nerve [X]

26
Q

Cricothyroid action

A

Forward and downward rotation of the thyroid cartilage at the cricothyroid joint

27
Q

Posterior crico-arytenoid origin

A

Oval depression on posterior surface of lamina of cricoid cartilage

28
Q

Posterior crico-arytenoid insertion

A

Posterior surface of muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

29
Q

Posterior crico-arytenoid innervation

A

Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve [X]

30
Q

Posterior crico-arytenoid action

A

Abduction and external rotation of the arytenoid cartilage

primary abductors of the vocal folds

i.e. primary openers of the rima glottidis

31
Q

Lateral crico-arytenoid origin

A

Superior surface of arch of cricoid cartilage

32
Q

Lateral crico-arytenoid insertion

A

Anterior surface of muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

33
Q

Lateral crico-arytenoid innervation

A

Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve [X]

34
Q

Lateral crico-arytenoid action

A

Internal rotation of the arytenoid cartilage and adduction of vocal folds

35
Q

Transverse arytenoid origin

A

Lateral border of posterior surface of arytenoid cartilage

36
Q

Transverse arytenoid insertion

A

Lateral border of posterior surface of opposite arytenoid cartilage

37
Q

Transverse arytenoid innervation

A

Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve [X]

38
Q

Transverse arytenoid action

A

Adduction of arytenoid cartilages

39
Q

Oblique arytenoid origin

A

Posterior surface of muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

40
Q

Oblique arytenoid insertion

A

Posterior surface of apex of adjacent arytenoid cartilage

extends into ary-epiglottic fold

41
Q

Oblique arytenoid innervation

A

Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve [X]

42
Q

Oblique arytenoid action

A

Sphincter of the laryngeal inlet

43
Q

Thyro-arytenoid origin

A

Thyroid angle and adjacent cricothyroid ligament

44
Q

Thyro-arytenoid insertion

A

Anterolateral surface of arytenoid cartilage

some fibers continue in aryepiglottic folds to the lateral margin of the epiglottis

45
Q

Thyro-arytenoid innervation

A

Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve [X]

46
Q

Thyro-arytenoid action

A

Sphincter of vestibule and of laryngeal inlet

47
Q

Vocalis origin

A

Lateral surface of vocal process of arytenoid cartilage

48
Q

Vocalis insertion

A

Vocal ligament and thyroid angle

49
Q

Vocalis innervation

A

Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve [X]

50
Q

Vocalis action

A

Adjusts tension in vocal folds

51
Q

Function of the larynx

A

Elaborate sphincter for lower resp tract

Mechanism for producing sounds

(changes in dimensions of the rima glottidis, rima vestibuli, vestibule, laryngeal inlet)

52
Q

Blood supply to the larynx

A

By the superior and inferior laryngeal arteries

53
Q

Where does the superior laryngeal a. originate

A

From the ext carotid and accompanies the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve through the thyrohyoid membrane

54
Q

Where does the inferior laryngeal a. originate

A

Inferior thyroid branch of the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery low in the neck, and together with the recurrent laryngeal nerve, ascends in the groove between the oesophagus and trachea - enters larynx by passing deep to the margin of the inferior constrictor muscle of the pharynx

55
Q

Venous drainage of the larynx

A
56
Q

Lymphatics of the larynx ABOVE vocal folds

A

Follow the superior laryngeal artery and terminate in deep cervical nodes associated with the bifurcation of the common carotid artery

57
Q

Lymphatics of the larynx BELOW vocal folds

A

Drain into deep nodes associated with the inferior thyroid artery or with nodes associated with the front of the cricothyroid ligament or upper tranchea

58
Q

Sensory and motor innervation of the larynx

A

2 branches of the vagus nerves (X)

  • superior laryngeal
  • recurrent laryngeal
59
Q

Path of the superior laryngeal nerves

A

Descends medial to the internal carotid artery and divides into internal and external branches just above the level of the superior horn of the hyoid bone

EXTERNAL - descends along lateral wall of the pharynx to supply and penetrate the inferior constrictor of the pharynx and ends by supplying the cricothyroid muscle

INTERNAL - passes anteroinferiorly to penetrate the thyrohyoid membrane—it is mainly sensory and supplies the laryngeal cavity down to the level of the vocal folds

60
Q

What are the recurrent laryngeal nerves sensory to

A

Laryngeal cavity below the level of the vocal folds

61
Q

What are the recurrent laryngeal nerves motor to

A

All intrinsic muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid

62
Q

Difference in origin of the left and right recurrent laryngeal nerve

Where do they ascend

A

Left - thorax

Right - root of the neck

Ascend in the groove between the oesophagus and trachea - enter larynx deep to the margin of the inferior constrictor

Resp Anatomy (10 decks)

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