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Resp Anatomy > Nose and Nasal Cavity > Flashcards

Nose and Nasal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Anterolateral view of nasal cavities

A
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2
Q

Structures within nasal cavities

A
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3
Q

What are the anterior apertures called

A

Nares - open onto inferior surface of the nose

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4
Q

What are the posterior apertures called

A

Choanae, which open into the nasopharynx

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5
Q

How are the nasal cavities separated

A

From each other by a midline nasal septum

From the oral cavity below by the hard palate

From the cranial cavity above by parts of the frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones

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6
Q

What do the conchae do

A

Increase SA of contact between tissues of the lateral wall and respired air

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7
Q

Openings into nasal cavity

A
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8
Q

Regions of the nasal cavity

A
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9
Q

What is the nasal vestibule

A

A small dilated space just internal to the naris that is lined by skin and contains hair follicles

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10
Q

RESP REGION

  1. Neurovascular supply
  2. Lined with…
  3. Composed of
A
  1. Rich neurovascular supply
  2. Lined by respiratory epithelium
  3. Composed mainly of ciliated and mucous cells
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11
Q

OLFACTORY REGION

  1. Lined with
  2. What does it contain
A
  1. Lined by olfactory epithelium
  2. Contains the olfactory receptors
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12
Q

Other than housing receptors for smell (olfaction), name 2 other functions of nasal cavities

A
  1. Adjust temperature and humidity of respired air by the action of a rich blood supply
  2. trap and remove particulate matter from the airway by filtering the air through hair in the vestibule and by capturing foreign material in abundant mucus (which is then moved posteriorly by cilia on epithelial cells in the nasal cavities and is swallowed)
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13
Q

General sensation of the nasal cavities

A

Trigeminal nerve (V)

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14
Q

Innervation of anterior region

A

Ophthalmic nerve (V1)

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15
Q

Innervation of posterior region

A

Maxillary nerve (V2)

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16
Q

What are all glands innervated by

A

Parasympathetic fibres in the facial nerve (VII), which join branches of the maxillary nerve (V2) in the pterygopalatine fossa

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17
Q

Where are the sympathetic fibres of the nasal cavities derived from

A

T1 spinal cord level

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18
Q

Where do the sympathetic fibres of the nasal cavities synapse

A

Mainly in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

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19
Q

How do postganglionic fibres reach the nasal cavities

A

Along blood vessels or by joining branches of the maxillary nerve (V2) in the pterygopalatine fossa

20
Q

Blood supply to the nasal cavities

A
  1. Terminal branches of the maxillary and facial arteries, originating from the external carotid artery
  2. Ethmoidal branches of the ophthalmic artery, originating from the internal carotid artery
21
Q

Ethmoid bone

A
22
Q

What does the crista galli anchor

A

A fold of dura mater, falx cerebri, in the cranial cavity

23
Q

What does the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone articulate with

A
  1. POSTERIORLY - Sphenoidal crest on the body of the sphenoid bone and vomer
  2. ANTERIORLY - nasal spine on frontal bone and with the site of articulation at the midline between the 2 nasal bones
  3. INFERIORLY AND ANTERIORLY - septal cartilage
24
Q

External nose

A
25
Q

Medial wall of the nasal cavity - the nasal septum

A
26
Q

Floor of the nasal cavity

A
27
Q

Roof of nasal cavity

A

The nares is formed by the lateral processes of the septal cartilage and major alar cartilages of the external nose

Nasal spine of the frontal bone and nasal bones

28
Q

What is the choana formed by

A

Anterior surface of the sphenoid bone

Ala of the vomer and adjacent sphenoidal process of the palatine bone

Vaginal process of the medial plate of the pterygoid process

29
Q

Lateral wall of the nose

A
30
Q

Where does the nasolacrimal duct open onto

A

Lateral wall of the inferior nasal meatus under the anterior lip of the inferior concha

31
Q

Where does the frontal sinus drain

A

Via frontonasal duct and ethmoidal infundibulum into the anterior end of the semilunar hiatus on the lateral wall of the middle nasal meatus

32
Q

Where do the anterior ethmoidal cells drain into

A

Frontonasal duct or ethmoidal infundibulum

(in some cases, the frontal sinus drains directly into the anterior end of the middle nasal meatus and the frontonasal duct ends blindly in the anterior ethmoidal cells)

33
Q

Where do the middle ethmoidal cells open onto

A

Ethmoidal bulla

34
Q

Where do the posterior ethmoidal cells open onto

A

Lateral wall of the superior nasal meatus

35
Q

Where does the large maxillary sinus open into

A

Semilunar hiatus, usually just inferior to the centre of the ethmoidal bulla (opening is near the roof of the maxillary sinus)

36
Q

Where does the sphenoidal sinus open onto

A

Posterior roof of nasal cavity

37
Q

Structure of nares

A
38
Q

Structure of choanae

A
39
Q

Gateways to the nasal cavity

A
  • Fibres of olfactory nerve (I) pass through the cribriform plate
  • Small foramina between the cribriform plate and surrounding bone allow the anterior ethmoidal nerve (branch of ophthalmic nerve - V1) and accompanying vessels to pass from the orbit into the cranial cavity and then down into the nasal cavity
  • There is a connection in some individuals between nasal veins and the superior sagittal sinus of the cranial cavity through a prominent foramen (foramen cecum) in the midline between the crista galli and frontal bone
40
Q
  1. The sphenopalatine foramen is a route of communication between what structures
  2. What are the major structures passing through the foramen
A
  1. Nasal cavity and pterygopalatine fossa
  2. Sphenopalatine branch of maxillary artery, Nasopalatine branch of maxillary nerve (V2), superior nasal branches of the maxillary nerve (V2)
41
Q

What do the incisive canals (opening into the incisve fossa) transmit

A

Nasopalatine nerve from the nasal cavity into oral cavity

Terminal end of greater palatine artery from oral cavity into nasal cavity

42
Q

What do small foramina in the lateral wall transmit

A
  1. Internal nasal branches of the infra-orbital nerve of the maxillary nerve [V2] and alar branches of the nasal artery from the facial artery
  2. Inferior nasal branches from the greater palatine branch of the maxillary nerve [V2]
43
Q

Why is the submucosa of the resp region (particularly that related to the conchae and septum) described as ‘erectile’ or ‘cavernous’

A

Tissue enlarges or shrinks depending on the amt of blood flowing into the system

44
Q

Arterial supply of the nose

A
45
Q

Venous drainage of the nose

A

In some individuals, an additional nasal vein passes through the foramen cecum in the frontal bone anterior to the crista galli and joins with the anterior end of the superior sagittal sinus

Because this nasal vein connects an intracranial venous sinus with extracranial veins, it is classified as an emissary vein - routes by which infections can track from peripheral regions into the cranial cavity

(Veins that accompany the ant and post ethmoidal arteries are tributaries of the superior ophthalmic vein, which is 1 of the largest emissary veins and drains into the cavernous sinus on either side of the hypophyseal fossa)

46
Q

Innervation of the nose

  1. 2 branches of the ophthalmic nerve - V1
  2. Branches from the maxillary nerve - V2
A
  1. Anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves
  2. Nasal nerves (MANY!)
47
Q

Lymphatics of the nose

A

ANTERIOR

Drain forward onto the face by passing around the margins of the nares and then ultimately connect with the submandibular nodes

POSTERIOR

Lymph from posterior regions of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses drain into upper deep cervical nodes (some first passes through the retropharyngeal nodes)

Resp Anatomy (10 decks)

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