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Resp Anatomy > Lungs > Flashcards

Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Which lung is larger

A

Right lung because the middle mediastinum (containing the heart) bulges more to the left than to the right

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2
Q

Where does the apex sit

A

Projects above rib I and into the root of the neck

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3
Q

Anterior border

A

Sharp

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4
Q

Inferior border

A

Sharp

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5
Q

Posterior border

A

Smooth and rounded

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6
Q

Roots and hila of the lungs

A
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7
Q

What does the pulmonary ligament (thin-like fold of pleura) do

A

Stabilises the position of the inferior lobe and may also accommodate the down and up translocation of structures in the root during breathing

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8
Q

Name the nerves that pass immediately posterior and anterior to the roots of the lungs

A
  • Vagus nerves pass posterior
  • Phrenic nerves pass anterior
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9
Q

Structures located within each root and located in the hilum

A
  • Pulmonary artery (superior)
  • 2 pulmonary veins (most anterior and inferior)
  • A main bronchus (posterior)
  • Bronchial vessels
  • Nerves
  • Lymphatics
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10
Q

On the right side, where does the lobar bronchus to the superior lobe branch from

A

The main bronchus in the root

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11
Q

On the left side, where does the lobar bronchus to the superior lobe branch from

A

Branches within the lung itself

Is superior to the pulmonary artery

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12
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have

A

3 lobes => 2 fissures

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13
Q

Position of the oblique fissure on a patient

A

Begins at the SP of T4, crosses the 5th IC laterally and then follows the contour of rib 6 anteriorly

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14
Q

Position of the horizontal fissure

A

Follows the 4th IC space from the sternum until it meets the oblique fissure as it crosses rib 5

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15
Q

What is the superior lobe in contact with

A

Upper part of the anterolateral wall

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16
Q

Where does the surface of the middle lobe lie

A

Mainly adjacent to the lower anterior and lateral wall

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17
Q

What is the costal surface of the inferior lobe in contact with

A

Posterior and inferior walls

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18
Q

Structures adjacent to the medial surface of the right lung

A
  • Heart
  • IVC
  • SVC
  • Azygos vein
  • Oesophagus
  • right subclavian artery and vein arch over and are related to the superior lobe of the right lung (as they pass over the dome of the cervical pleura into the axilla)
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19
Q

Structure of left lung

A

Oblique fissure is more oblique

20
Q

Position of oblique fissure (left lung)

A

Begins between SP of T3 and T4, crosses the 5th interspace laterally and follows the contour of rib 6 anteriorly

21
Q

LEFT LUNG

Position of superior lobe

A

It’s in contact with the upper part of the anterolateral wall

22
Q

LEFT LUNG

What is the costal surface of the inferior lobe in contact with

A

Posterior and inferior walls

23
Q

Extension of the anterior border of the lower part of the superior lobe

A

Lingula of left lung projects over heart bulge

24
Q

What does the medial surface of the left lung lie adjacent to

A
  • Heart
  • Aortic arch
  • Thoracic aorta
  • Oesophagus
  • The left subclavian artery and vein arch over and are related to the superior lobe of the left lung as they pass over the dome of the cervical pleura and into the axilla
25
Q

Bronchial tree

  1. Where does it extend from
  2. Name of the lowest tracheal ring
  3. What is the posterior wall of the trachea composed of
A
  1. C6 - T4/5
  2. Carina
  3. Smooth muscle
26
Q

Difference between the right and left main bronchi

A

The right main bronchus is wider and takes a more vertical course through the root and hilum than the left main bronchus. Therefore, inhaled foreign bodies tend to lodge more frequently on the right side than on the left

27
Q

Division of bronchi

A

Main bronchus

Lobar bronchi (supplying a lobe)

Segmental bronchi (supplying bronchopulmonary segments)

28
Q

Within each bronchopulmonary segment, what do the segmental bronchi give rise to

A

Multiple generations of divisions and ultimately to bronchioles (which further subdivide and supply respiratory surfaces)

29
Q

What are the walls of the bronchi held open by

A

Discontinuous elongated plates of cartilage (not present in bronchioles)

30
Q

Bronchopulmonary segment

A

Area of lung supplied by a segmental bronchus and its accompanying pulmonary artery branch

10 in each lung

Smallest functionally independent region of a lung and the smallest area of lung that can be isolated and removed without affecting adjacent regions

31
Q

What passes intersegmentally between and around the margins of segments

A

Tributaries of the pulmonary vein

32
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A
33
Q

Where does the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk occur

A

To the left of the midline just inferior to T4/5

Anteroinferiorly to the left of the bifurcation of the trachea

34
Q

Path of the right pulmonary artery

A

Right pulmonary artery is longer and passes horizontally across the mediastinum

  • anteriorly and slightly inferiorly to the tracheal bifurcation and anteriorly to the right main bronchus, and
  • posteriorly to the ascending aorta, superior vena cava, and upper right pulmonary vein
  • Enters the root of the lung and gives off a large branch to the superior lobe of the lung
  • Continues through the hilum of the lung
  • Gives off a 2nd recurrent branch to the superior lobe
  • Then divides to supply the middle and inferior lobes
35
Q

Path of the left pulmonary artery

A

Shorter than the right and lies anterior to the descending aorta and posterior to the superior pulmonary vein

Passes through the root and hilum and branches within lung

36
Q

Path of superior and inferior pulmonary veins

A

Begin at the hilum of the lung

Pass through the root of the lung

Immediately drain into the left atrium

37
Q

What do the bronchial arteries and veins constitute

A

The “nutritive” vascular system of the pulmonary tissues (bronchial walls and glands, walls of large vessels, visceral pleura)

They interconnect within the lung with branches of the pulmonary arteries and veins

38
Q

Where do the bronchial arteries originate from

A

Thoracic aorta or one of its branches

39
Q

Origin of a single right bronchial artery

A

Normally arises from the 3rd posterior IC artery (but occasionally, it originates from the upper left bronchial artery)

40
Q

Origin of 2 left bronchial arteries

A

Directly from the anterior surface of the thoracic aorta - the superior left bronchial artery arises at T5

Inferior one inferior to left bronchus

41
Q

Where do the bronchial arteries run

A

On the posterior surfaces of the bronchi and ramify in the lungs to supply pulmonary tissues

42
Q

Where do the bronchial arteries drain into

A

Either the pulmonary veins or left atrium

Into the azygos vein on the right or into the superior IC vein or hemiazygos vein on the left

43
Q

What are structures of the lung and visceral pleura supplied by

A

Visceral afferents and efferents distributed through the anterior pulmonary plexus and posterior pulmonary plexus

44
Q

Which is smaller - the anterior or posterior plexus

A

Anterior plexus

45
Q

Where do the ant and post plexuses originate from

A

Sympathetic trunks and vagus nerves

46
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the lungs

A
  • Superficial, or subpleural, and deep lymphatics of the lung drain into lymph nodes called tracheobronchial nodes around the roots of lobar and main bronchi and along the sides of the trachea. As a group, these lymph nodes extend from within the lung, through the hilum and root, and into the posterior mediastinum
  • Efferent vessels from these nodes pass superiorly along the trachea to unite with similar vessels from parasternal nodes and brachiocephalic nodes, which are anterior to brachiocephalic veins in the superior mediastinum, to form the right and left bronchomediastinal trunks. These trunks drain directly into deep veins at the base of the neck, or may drain into the right lymphatic trunk or thoracic duct

Resp Anatomy (10 decks)

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