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Block 5 > Pharynx > Flashcards

Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What muscle forms the UES? (upper esophageal sphincter)

A

Cricopharyngeus

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2
Q

What is the function of all of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

A

Constrict the pharynx…

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3
Q

What are the origins of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle?

A
  • Pterygomandibular Raphe
  • Pterygoid Hamulus
  • Mylohyoid line of mandible
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4
Q

What are the 2 insertion points of the superior pharyngeal constrictor?

A
  • Pharyngeal raphe

- Pharyngeal tubercle of the occipital bone

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5
Q

What nerve innervates all of the 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

A

CN X - Vagus

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6
Q

What are the origins of the middle pharyngeal constrictor?

A
  • Greater and lesser horns of the hyoid bone

- Stylohyoid ligament

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7
Q

What is the origin of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle?

A

Oblique line of thyroid cartilage

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8
Q

The pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) are located in what part of the pharynx?

A

Roof of the Nasopharynx

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9
Q

What are the choanae?

A

The entrances to the pharynx from the nasal cavity on either side of the nasal septum.

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10
Q

What is the torus tubaris?

A

An elevation where the mucosa covers the cartilaginous portion of the auditory tube.

Located on either side of the nasopharynx

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11
Q

What muscle attaches to the auditory tube?

A

Salpingopharyngeus muscle beneath the salpingopharyngeus fold

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12
Q

What recess is contained within the nasopharynx? (potential space for things to get stuck)

A

Pharyngeal recesses on either side of each choana, above the torus tubaruis.

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13
Q

The nasopharynx is the space between the _________ and ___________?

A

Nasopharynx = from base of the skull to the palate.

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14
Q

THe oropharynx is the space between the ________ and _______?

A

From the palate to the hyoid bone

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15
Q

In what subdivision of the pharynx do the respiratory and digestive systems cross?

A

Oropharynx

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16
Q

What physical structure prevents the confluence of the digestive and respiratory systems?

A

Epiglottis

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17
Q

What marks the boundary between the oral cavity and the oropharynx?

A

The palatoglossal fold covering the palatoglossal muscle.

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18
Q

What muscles do the palatine tonsils lie between?

A

Anterior to the tonsils- palatoglossal muscle w/ fold

Posterior to the tonsils- palatopharyngeus muscle w/ palatopharyngeal fold.

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19
Q

What fold connects the pharynx and the epiglottis?

A

pharyngoepiglottic fold

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20
Q

What is the most inferior subdivision of the pharynx called?

A

THe laryngopharynx or hypopharynx

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21
Q

What is the most likely place for things to get stuck in the pharynx?

A

In the PIRIFORM RECESSES on either side of the criocoid cartilage

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22
Q

What nerve runs under the piriform recess?

A

The superior laryngeal nerve

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23
Q

What nerves compass the pharyngeal plexus?

A 
CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
CN X (Vagus)
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers from superior cervical ganglion
24
Q

CN 9,10, and 11 exit the skull through which hole?

A

Jugular Foramen

25
Q

Both CN IX and CN X have _________ which contain the cell bodies of the SENSORY FIBERS from each nerve.

A

Superior and Inferior Ganglia

26
Q

THe superior and inferior ganglia of CN IX and X are located where, respectively?

A

Superior- Inside cranial Cavity

Inferior- Outside cranial cavity

27
Q

What muscle develops from the 3rd pharyngeal arch and what nerve innervates it?

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle innervated by CN IX

28
Q

What type of nerve fibers innervate the stylopharyngeus muscle?

A

Brachiomeric Motor fibers from CN IX

29
Q

Describe the pathway of the glossopharyngeal nerve. (CN IX)

A
  • Exits the Jugular Foramen
  • Passes laterally to the stylopharyngeus muscle and innervates it with BE fibers (3rd arch)
  • Runs through the gap between the superior and middle constrictor muscles to enter the tongue.
  • Tonsilar and lingual branches
  • Also provides pharyngeal branches that contribute to the pharyngeal plexus
30
Q

What types of fibers are contained within the tonsilar and lingual branches of the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) nerve?

Where are their cell bodes located?

A

SA - special sensory- TASTE to posterior 1/3 of tongue

GSA - general sensory from the post 1/3 of tongue and tonsillar bed.

Cell bodies are located within the SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR GANGLIA. (sensory fibers = pseudo unipolar)

31
Q

What types of fibers run in the pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve? (CN IX)

A

GSA- sensory from the naso and oropharynx

32
Q

What nerve provides afferent sensory innervation from the laryngopharynx?

A

Vagus (CNX)

33
Q

What kind of sensory receptors does the carotid BODY have? What innervates it?

A

Carotid Body = chemoreceptors (O2 specifically)

Innervated by Glossopharyngeal and Vagus

34
Q

What kind of sensory info does the carotid SINUS provide and what innervates it?

A

Baroreceptors - Glossopharyngeal nerve

35
Q

What types of fibers innervate the carotid body and sinus through CN IX and X?

A

GVA

36
Q

Motor innervation to all other pharyngeal muscles (except the stylopharyngeus) is from what nerve?

A

Vagus (CN X)

37
Q

THe only somatic motor branch of CN IX innervates what?

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle. (BE branch from glossopharyngeal nerve)

38
Q

Mucosal glands in the pharynx are innervated by what nerve?

A

Vagus

39
Q

If a pencil penetrates the back of your mouth and infection occurs, where can this infection spread?

A

Begins in the lateral pharyngeal space, which communicates with the retropharyngeal space, to the mediastinum. No bueno.

40
Q

What is the purpose of making a patient say “ah”?

A

to test the function of the nerves. GAG REFLEX ha.

41
Q

The tonsillar pillars (folds surrounding the tonsils, covering muscles of the same names) are called what?

A

Palatoglossal and Palatopharyngeal folds

42
Q

WHere on the epiglottis can things get stuck?

A

Vallecula “little valleys” on the anterior surface

43
Q

What connects the epiglottis to the tongue?

A

median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds

44
Q

What division of the pharynx conducts sound?

A

Laryngopharynx

45
Q

Where do the retropharyngeal lymph nodes drain?

A

Deep cervical lymph nodes

46
Q

What is the giant lymph node that swells when you have a cold or a upper respiratory infection?

A

Jugulodigastric node. (located at the intersection of the internal jugular vein and the posterior belly of the digastric muscle.

47
Q

Lymph from the palatine tonsils, and the rest of the nasopharynx drains into…..

A

the Jugulodigastric node.

48
Q

Where does the Pharynx begin, and at what vertebral level does it end?

A

Begins at the base of the skull and runs to C6

49
Q

Name the 3 longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

A

Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus

50
Q

What is the uppermost attachment of the pharyngeal raphe?

A

The pharyngeal tubercle in the temporal bone

51
Q

What specialization of the superior constrictor muscle aids in closing off the nasopharynx when swallowing?

A

THe palatopharyngeal sphincter

52
Q

Which of the longitudinal pharynx muscles runs in between the superior and middle constrictors.

A

Stylopharyngeus

53
Q

Which longitudinal pharyngeal muscle originates on the auditory tube?

A

Salpingopharyngeus

54
Q

What is the function of the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles?

A

To elevate the pharynx and close the oropharyngeal ithsmus.

55
Q

WTF is the oropharyngeal ithsmus?

A

The opening between the oral cavity and the pharynx.

Block 5 (10 decks)

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