Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What muscle forms the UES? (upper esophageal sphincter)

A

Cricopharyngeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of all of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

A

Constrict the pharynx…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the origins of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle?

A
  • Pterygomandibular Raphe
  • Pterygoid Hamulus
  • Mylohyoid line of mandible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 insertion points of the superior pharyngeal constrictor?

A
  • Pharyngeal raphe

- Pharyngeal tubercle of the occipital bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What nerve innervates all of the 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

A

CN X - Vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the origins of the middle pharyngeal constrictor?

A
  • Greater and lesser horns of the hyoid bone

- Stylohyoid ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the origin of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle?

A

Oblique line of thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) are located in what part of the pharynx?

A

Roof of the Nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the choanae?

A

The entrances to the pharynx from the nasal cavity on either side of the nasal septum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the torus tubaris?

A

An elevation where the mucosa covers the cartilaginous portion of the auditory tube.

Located on either side of the nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What muscle attaches to the auditory tube?

A

Salpingopharyngeus muscle beneath the salpingopharyngeus fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What recess is contained within the nasopharynx? (potential space for things to get stuck)

A

Pharyngeal recesses on either side of each choana, above the torus tubaruis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The nasopharynx is the space between the _________ and ___________?

A

Nasopharynx = from base of the skull to the palate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

THe oropharynx is the space between the ________ and _______?

A

From the palate to the hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In what subdivision of the pharynx do the respiratory and digestive systems cross?

A

Oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What physical structure prevents the confluence of the digestive and respiratory systems?

A

Epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What marks the boundary between the oral cavity and the oropharynx?

A

The palatoglossal fold covering the palatoglossal muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What muscles do the palatine tonsils lie between?

A

Anterior to the tonsils- palatoglossal muscle w/ fold

Posterior to the tonsils- palatopharyngeus muscle w/ palatopharyngeal fold.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What fold connects the pharynx and the epiglottis?

A

pharyngoepiglottic fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most inferior subdivision of the pharynx called?

A

THe laryngopharynx or hypopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the most likely place for things to get stuck in the pharynx?

A

In the PIRIFORM RECESSES on either side of the criocoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What nerve runs under the piriform recess?

A

The superior laryngeal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What nerves compass the pharyngeal plexus?

A
CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
CN X (Vagus)
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers from superior cervical ganglion
24
Q

CN 9,10, and 11 exit the skull through which hole?

A

Jugular Foramen

25
Both CN IX and CN X have _________ which contain the cell bodies of the SENSORY FIBERS from each nerve.
Superior and Inferior Ganglia
26
THe superior and inferior ganglia of CN IX and X are located where, respectively?
Superior- Inside cranial Cavity Inferior- Outside cranial cavity
27
What muscle develops from the 3rd pharyngeal arch and what nerve innervates it?
Stylopharyngeus muscle innervated by CN IX
28
What type of nerve fibers innervate the stylopharyngeus muscle?
Brachiomeric Motor fibers from CN IX
29
Describe the pathway of the glossopharyngeal nerve. (CN IX)
- Exits the Jugular Foramen - Passes laterally to the stylopharyngeus muscle and innervates it with BE fibers (3rd arch) - Runs through the gap between the superior and middle constrictor muscles to enter the tongue. - Tonsilar and lingual branches - Also provides pharyngeal branches that contribute to the pharyngeal plexus
30
What types of fibers are contained within the tonsilar and lingual branches of the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) nerve? Where are their cell bodes located?
SA - special sensory- TASTE to posterior 1/3 of tongue GSA - general sensory from the post 1/3 of tongue and tonsillar bed. Cell bodies are located within the SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR GANGLIA. (sensory fibers = pseudo unipolar)
31
What types of fibers run in the pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve? (CN IX)
GSA- sensory from the naso and oropharynx
32
What nerve provides afferent sensory innervation from the laryngopharynx?
Vagus (CNX)
33
What kind of sensory receptors does the carotid BODY have? What innervates it?
Carotid Body = chemoreceptors (O2 specifically) Innervated by Glossopharyngeal and Vagus
34
What kind of sensory info does the carotid SINUS provide and what innervates it?
Baroreceptors - Glossopharyngeal nerve
35
What types of fibers innervate the carotid body and sinus through CN IX and X?
GVA
36
Motor innervation to all other pharyngeal muscles (except the stylopharyngeus) is from what nerve?
Vagus (CN X)
37
THe only somatic motor branch of CN IX innervates what?
Stylopharyngeus muscle. (BE branch from glossopharyngeal nerve)
38
Mucosal glands in the pharynx are innervated by what nerve?
Vagus
39
If a pencil penetrates the back of your mouth and infection occurs, where can this infection spread?
Begins in the lateral pharyngeal space, which communicates with the retropharyngeal space, to the mediastinum. No bueno.
40
What is the purpose of making a patient say "ah"?
to test the function of the nerves. GAG REFLEX ha.
41
The tonsillar pillars (folds surrounding the tonsils, covering muscles of the same names) are called what?
Palatoglossal and Palatopharyngeal folds
42
WHere on the epiglottis can things get stuck?
Vallecula "little valleys" on the anterior surface
43
What connects the epiglottis to the tongue?
median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds
44
What division of the pharynx conducts sound?
Laryngopharynx
45
Where do the retropharyngeal lymph nodes drain?
Deep cervical lymph nodes
46
What is the giant lymph node that swells when you have a cold or a upper respiratory infection?
Jugulodigastric node. (located at the intersection of the internal jugular vein and the posterior belly of the digastric muscle.
47
Lymph from the palatine tonsils, and the rest of the nasopharynx drains into…..
the Jugulodigastric node.
48
Where does the Pharynx begin, and at what vertebral level does it end?
Begins at the base of the skull and runs to C6
49
Name the 3 longitudinal muscles of the pharynx
Stylopharyngeus Salpingopharyngeus Palatopharyngeus
50
What is the uppermost attachment of the pharyngeal raphe?
The pharyngeal tubercle in the temporal bone
51
What specialization of the superior constrictor muscle aids in closing off the nasopharynx when swallowing?
THe palatopharyngeal sphincter
52
Which of the longitudinal pharynx muscles runs in between the superior and middle constrictors.
Stylopharyngeus
53
Which longitudinal pharyngeal muscle originates on the auditory tube?
Salpingopharyngeus
54
What is the function of the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles?
To elevate the pharynx and close the oropharyngeal ithsmus.
55
WTF is the oropharyngeal ithsmus?
The opening between the oral cavity and the pharynx.