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Block 5 > Anterior Triangle > Flashcards

Anterior Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the anterior boundaries of the neck?

A

The inferior border of the mandible to the superior border of the sternum

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2
Q

What are the posterior boundaries of the neck?

A

The superior nuchal line (occipital bone) to the C7/T1 vertebral disk.

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3
Q

The “danger space” is formed by what two fascial layers?

A

The buccopharyngeal fascia and pre vertebral fascia.

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4
Q

The “danger space” connects what two areas of the body?

A

The base of the skull and the posterior mediastinum.

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5
Q

What muscle is contained within the superficial fascia of the neck?

A

Platysma

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6
Q

The investing layer of deep cervical fascia encloses what muscles?

A

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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7
Q

What deep fascial layer of the neck encloses the infrahyoid muscles?

A

The Infrahyoid (muscular) fascia

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8
Q

What is contained within the carotid sheath?

A

Carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus Nerve (CNX)

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9
Q

The pretrachial layer of deep neck fascia encloses what structures?

A

Trachea
Esophagus
Thyroid

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10
Q

The posterior portion of the pretrachial fascia is called….?

A

Buccopharyngeal (back of pharynx)

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11
Q

The retropharyngeal space is located between what two fascial layers, and is also called what?

A

The buccopharyngeal fascial layer and the pre vertebral fascia.

Also called the danger space.

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12
Q

The vertebral column and associated musculature are enclosed by what fascial layer?

A

Prevertebral fascia

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13
Q

What nerve innervates the Platysma muscle?

A

Facial- CN XII

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14
Q

The Accessory Nerve (CN XI) innervates what two muscles of the neck?

A

The sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius

note: trapezius also innervated by C3-C4 ventral rami, but SCM exclusively innervated by CN XI

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15
Q

What nerve runs deep to, the pierces the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

CN XI - Accessory Nerve (external branch)

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16
Q

At what vertebral level is the HYOID bone located?

A

C3

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17
Q

Name the origin and insertion of the sternocleidomastoid.

A

O- Maubrium of sternum and medial 1/3 of clavicle

Ins- Lateral aspect of mastoid process of Temporal Bone

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18
Q

Name the actions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

A

1- Rotates head OPPOSITE of the contracted side

2- Laterally flexes the neck TO the contracted side

3- Bilaterally flexes the neck

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19
Q

What is the origin of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?

Posterior?

A

Anterior- Digastric Fossa inside the Mandible bone (CHIN)

Posterior- Mastoid notch of the Mastoid process of the Temporal Bone (on the medial side)

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20
Q

What is the common attachment of the bellies of the Digastric Muscle?

A

Tendon attached to the Hyoid Bone

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21
Q

What nerve innervates each belly of the Digastric Muscle?

A

Ant - Mylohyoid N from V3

Post- Facial Nerve (CN VII)

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22
Q

Name the actions of the individual bellies of the digastric muscle.

A

Ant- Moves hyoid superiorly, opens mouth by lowering mandible

Post- Pulls Hyoid superiorly and backwards.

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23
Q

What is the boundary between the anterior and posterior cervical triangles?

A

SCM Muscle

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24
Q

What are the boundaries of the Anterior Cervical Triangle?

A

Inf. Margin of Mandible
Median vertical line of the neck
Anterior margin of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle

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25
Q

The Anterior Cervical Triangle is further subdivided into which 4 “mini” triangles?

A

Submental (under chin)
Submandibular (submand. gland)
Carotid (sheath)
Muscular (infrahyoids)

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26
Q

Name the boundaries of the Posterior Cervical Triangle?

A

Posterior Margin of SCM
Trapezius
Clavicle

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27
Q

The Hyoid bone is located at vertebral level C3, just superior to what?

A

The Larynx

28
Q

When they hyoid bone is fractured, what do most people die of? WHy?

A

Asphyxiation. Punctured larynx.

29
Q

In hanging, the hyoid bone is displaced….

A

Outwards (due to increase in divergence of the arch)

30
Q

In manual strangulation, the fractured hyoid bone is displaced….

A

Inwards (due to compressive force of fingers)

31
Q

Name the 4 infra hyoid muscles.

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

32
Q

Name the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the omohyoid muscle.

A

O- Medial margin of the Suprascapular Notch
Ins- Hyoid bone
Inn- C1-C3 via Ansa Cervicalis
Act- Fixes and Depresses Hyoid

33
Q

Origin, Insertion, innervation, and action of the sternohyoid muscle.

A

O- Manubrium of the sternum
Ins- Hyoid bone
Inn- C1-C3 via Ansa Cervicalis
Act- Depresses Hyoid

34
Q

Origin, Insertion, innervation, and action of the Sternothyroid muscle.

A

O- Manubrium of the Sternum
Ins- Oblique line of Thyroid Cartilage
Inn- C1-C3 via Ansa Cervicalis
Act- Depresses Hyoid, DEPRESSES LARYNX

35
Q

Origin, Insertion, innervation, and action of the Thyrohoid muscle.

A

O- Oblique line of Thyroid Cartilage
Ins- Hyoid Bone
Inn- C1 branch traveling with Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Act- Depresses Hyoid, RAISES LARYNX.

36
Q

The two bellies of the omohyoid muscle are joined by….? Which anchors the omohyoid muscle to…?

A

The intermediate tendon of the omohyoid- attached to the medial end of the clavicle.
(gives the muscle a sling-like function)

37
Q

Name the 2 terminal branches of the External Carotid Artery.

A

Maxillary and Superficial Temporal Ateries

38
Q

What is the first branch off the External Carotid?

A

Superior Thyroid Artery

39
Q

What branch of the External Carotid supplies the meninges of the brain? What is that branch called?

A

Maxillary artery gives off the Middle meningeal artery

40
Q

The internal jugular vein is formed by…..

A

Cranial sinuses

41
Q

The EXTERNAL jugular vein is formed by….

A

The Posterior Auricular Artery and the Retromandibular artery.

42
Q

Where does the External Jugular vein terminate?

A

Runs superficially to the SCM muscle to terminate in the subclavian vein.

43
Q

Where does the Anterior Jugular Vein (variable origin) terminate?

A

In the External Jugular Vein.

44
Q

What is the general origin of the Anterior jugular vein?

A

Submandibular veins.

45
Q

What 3 structures run in the carotid sheath?

A

Internal Jugular Vein
Internal Carotid Artery
Vagus Nerve

46
Q

What structure is most lateral in the Carotid Sheath?

A

Internal Jugular Vein

47
Q

What structure is most posterior in the Carotid Sheath?

A

Vagus Nerve

48
Q

Name the spinal segments of the Lesser Occipital Nerve.

A

C2

49
Q

Spinal segments of the Transverse Cervical Nerve.

A

C2-C3

50
Q

Spinal Segments of the Greater Auricular Nerve

A

C2-C3

51
Q

Spinal segments of the supraclavicular nerve.

A

C3-C4

52
Q

Name all of the branches of the Cervival Plexus (Ventral Rami)

A

Lesser Occipital
Greater Auricular
Transverse Cervical
Supraclavicular

53
Q

What are the spinal segments that contribute to the INFERIOR ROOT of the Ansa Cervicalis?

A

C2-C3 ventral rami

54
Q

What spinal cord segments contribute to the SUPERIOR ROOT of the Ansa Cervicalis

A

C1 Ventral Ramus

55
Q

What nerve supplies motor innervation to 3/4 infrahyoid muscles? What is the muscle left out?

A

The SUPERIOR ROOT of the Ansa Cervicalis (C1) innervates all the infra hyoid muscles except the THYROHYOID.

(Thyrohyoid is innervated by C1 traveling with the Hypoglossal Nerve)

56
Q

The inferior belly of the Omohyoid muscle is innervated by what nerve?

A

The INFERIOR ROOT of the Ansa Cervicalis.

57
Q

WTF is the carotid sinus?

A

A dilation at the bifurcation of the internal and external carotid arteries containing baroreceptors (monitoring blood pressure)

58
Q

What nerve innervates the carotid sinus?

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

59
Q

WTF is the carotid body?

A

An accumulation of chemoreceptors at the bifurcation of the internal and external carotid arteries. (detects changes in blood chemistry, esp O2 content)

60
Q

What nerveS innervate the carotid body?

A

Glossopharyngeal and Vagus (CN IX and CN X)

61
Q

What type of nerve fibers innervate the carotid body and sinus?

A

GVA- they are both sensory areas for BP and blood chemistry sending afferent information.

62
Q

Name the boundaries of the muscular triangle. (within the Anterior Cervical Triangle)

A

Hyoid Bone
Superior belly of Omohyoid muscle
Anterior border of SCM muscle
Midline of the Neck

63
Q

The arterial supply to the infra hyoid muscles comes from which 3 arteries?

A

Superior Thyroid, Inferior Thyroid, and Internal Thoracic

64
Q

What else is located within the muscular triangle (other than muscles)?

A

Thyroid/Parathyroid glands.

65
Q

The sole function of the Parathyroid glands is….

A

control of calcium levels in the blood

66
Q

What 2 nerves are superficial to the carotid sheath?

A

The Ansa Cervicalis and the Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

67
Q

What lies posterior to the Carotid sheath?

A

The sympathetic trunk

Block 5 (10 decks)

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