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Anterior Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the anterior boundaries of the neck?

A

The inferior border of the mandible to the superior border of the sternum

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2
Q

What are the posterior boundaries of the neck?

A

The superior nuchal line (occipital bone) to the C7/T1 vertebral disk.

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3
Q

The “danger space” is formed by what two fascial layers?

A

The buccopharyngeal fascia and pre vertebral fascia.

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4
Q

The “danger space” connects what two areas of the body?

A

The base of the skull and the posterior mediastinum.

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5
Q

What muscle is contained within the superficial fascia of the neck?

A

Platysma

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6
Q

The investing layer of deep cervical fascia encloses what muscles?

A

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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7
Q

What deep fascial layer of the neck encloses the infrahyoid muscles?

A

The Infrahyoid (muscular) fascia

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8
Q

What is contained within the carotid sheath?

A

Carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus Nerve (CNX)

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9
Q

The pretrachial layer of deep neck fascia encloses what structures?

A

Trachea
Esophagus
Thyroid

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10
Q

The posterior portion of the pretrachial fascia is called….?

A

Buccopharyngeal (back of pharynx)

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11
Q

The retropharyngeal space is located between what two fascial layers, and is also called what?

A

The buccopharyngeal fascial layer and the pre vertebral fascia.

Also called the danger space.

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12
Q

The vertebral column and associated musculature are enclosed by what fascial layer?

A

Prevertebral fascia

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13
Q

What nerve innervates the Platysma muscle?

A

Facial- CN XII

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14
Q

The Accessory Nerve (CN XI) innervates what two muscles of the neck?

A

The sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius

note: trapezius also innervated by C3-C4 ventral rami, but SCM exclusively innervated by CN XI

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15
Q

What nerve runs deep to, the pierces the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

CN XI - Accessory Nerve (external branch)

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16
Q

At what vertebral level is the HYOID bone located?

A

C3

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17
Q

Name the origin and insertion of the sternocleidomastoid.

A

O- Maubrium of sternum and medial 1/3 of clavicle

Ins- Lateral aspect of mastoid process of Temporal Bone

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18
Q

Name the actions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

A

1- Rotates head OPPOSITE of the contracted side

2- Laterally flexes the neck TO the contracted side

3- Bilaterally flexes the neck

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19
Q

What is the origin of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?

Posterior?

A

Anterior- Digastric Fossa inside the Mandible bone (CHIN)

Posterior- Mastoid notch of the Mastoid process of the Temporal Bone (on the medial side)

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20
Q

What is the common attachment of the bellies of the Digastric Muscle?

A

Tendon attached to the Hyoid Bone

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21
Q

What nerve innervates each belly of the Digastric Muscle?

A

Ant - Mylohyoid N from V3

Post- Facial Nerve (CN VII)

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22
Q

Name the actions of the individual bellies of the digastric muscle.

A

Ant- Moves hyoid superiorly, opens mouth by lowering mandible

Post- Pulls Hyoid superiorly and backwards.

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23
Q

What is the boundary between the anterior and posterior cervical triangles?

A

SCM Muscle

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24
Q

What are the boundaries of the Anterior Cervical Triangle?

A

Inf. Margin of Mandible
Median vertical line of the neck
Anterior margin of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle

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25
The Anterior Cervical Triangle is further subdivided into which 4 "mini" triangles?
Submental (under chin) Submandibular (submand. gland) Carotid (sheath) Muscular (infrahyoids)
26
Name the boundaries of the Posterior Cervical Triangle?
Posterior Margin of SCM Trapezius Clavicle
27
The Hyoid bone is located at vertebral level C3, just superior to what?
The Larynx
28
When they hyoid bone is fractured, what do most people die of? WHy?
Asphyxiation. Punctured larynx.
29
In hanging, the hyoid bone is displaced….
Outwards (due to increase in divergence of the arch)
30
In manual strangulation, the fractured hyoid bone is displaced….
Inwards (due to compressive force of fingers)
31
Name the 4 infra hyoid muscles.
Omohyoid Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid
32
Name the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the omohyoid muscle.
O- Medial margin of the Suprascapular Notch Ins- Hyoid bone Inn- C1-C3 via Ansa Cervicalis Act- Fixes and Depresses Hyoid
33
Origin, Insertion, innervation, and action of the sternohyoid muscle.
O- Manubrium of the sternum Ins- Hyoid bone Inn- C1-C3 via Ansa Cervicalis Act- Depresses Hyoid
34
Origin, Insertion, innervation, and action of the Sternothyroid muscle.
O- Manubrium of the Sternum Ins- Oblique line of Thyroid Cartilage Inn- C1-C3 via Ansa Cervicalis Act- Depresses Hyoid, DEPRESSES LARYNX
35
Origin, Insertion, innervation, and action of the Thyrohoid muscle.
O- Oblique line of Thyroid Cartilage Ins- Hyoid Bone Inn- C1 branch traveling with Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) Act- Depresses Hyoid, RAISES LARYNX.
36
The two bellies of the omohyoid muscle are joined by….? Which anchors the omohyoid muscle to…?
The intermediate tendon of the omohyoid- attached to the medial end of the clavicle. (gives the muscle a sling-like function)
37
Name the 2 terminal branches of the External Carotid Artery.
Maxillary and Superficial Temporal Ateries
38
What is the first branch off the External Carotid?
Superior Thyroid Artery
39
What branch of the External Carotid supplies the meninges of the brain? What is that branch called?
Maxillary artery gives off the Middle meningeal artery
40
The internal jugular vein is formed by…..
Cranial sinuses
41
The EXTERNAL jugular vein is formed by….
The Posterior Auricular Artery and the Retromandibular artery.
42
Where does the External Jugular vein terminate?
Runs superficially to the SCM muscle to terminate in the subclavian vein.
43
Where does the Anterior Jugular Vein (variable origin) terminate?
In the External Jugular Vein.
44
What is the general origin of the Anterior jugular vein?
Submandibular veins.
45
What 3 structures run in the carotid sheath?
Internal Jugular Vein Internal Carotid Artery Vagus Nerve
46
What structure is most lateral in the Carotid Sheath?
Internal Jugular Vein
47
What structure is most posterior in the Carotid Sheath?
Vagus Nerve
48
Name the spinal segments of the Lesser Occipital Nerve.
C2
49
Spinal segments of the Transverse Cervical Nerve.
C2-C3
50
Spinal Segments of the Greater Auricular Nerve
C2-C3
51
Spinal segments of the supraclavicular nerve.
C3-C4
52
Name all of the branches of the Cervival Plexus (Ventral Rami)
Lesser Occipital Greater Auricular Transverse Cervical Supraclavicular
53
What are the spinal segments that contribute to the INFERIOR ROOT of the Ansa Cervicalis?
C2-C3 ventral rami
54
What spinal cord segments contribute to the SUPERIOR ROOT of the Ansa Cervicalis
C1 Ventral Ramus
55
What nerve supplies motor innervation to 3/4 infrahyoid muscles? What is the muscle left out?
The SUPERIOR ROOT of the Ansa Cervicalis (C1) innervates all the infra hyoid muscles except the THYROHYOID. (Thyrohyoid is innervated by C1 traveling with the Hypoglossal Nerve)
56
The inferior belly of the Omohyoid muscle is innervated by what nerve?
The INFERIOR ROOT of the Ansa Cervicalis.
57
WTF is the carotid sinus?
A dilation at the bifurcation of the internal and external carotid arteries containing baroreceptors (monitoring blood pressure)
58
What nerve innervates the carotid sinus?
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
59
WTF is the carotid body?
An accumulation of chemoreceptors at the bifurcation of the internal and external carotid arteries. (detects changes in blood chemistry, esp O2 content)
60
What nerveS innervate the carotid body?
Glossopharyngeal and Vagus (CN IX and CN X)
61
What type of nerve fibers innervate the carotid body and sinus?
GVA- they are both sensory areas for BP and blood chemistry sending afferent information.
62
Name the boundaries of the muscular triangle. (within the Anterior Cervical Triangle)
Hyoid Bone Superior belly of Omohyoid muscle Anterior border of SCM muscle Midline of the Neck
63
The arterial supply to the infra hyoid muscles comes from which 3 arteries?
Superior Thyroid, Inferior Thyroid, and Internal Thoracic
64
What else is located within the muscular triangle (other than muscles)?
Thyroid/Parathyroid glands.
65
The sole function of the Parathyroid glands is….
control of calcium levels in the blood
66
What 2 nerves are superficial to the carotid sheath?
The Ansa Cervicalis and the Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
67
What lies posterior to the Carotid sheath?
The sympathetic trunk

Block 5 (10 decks)

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