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Block 5 > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What muscle raises the pitch of your voice when it contracts?

A

Cricothyroid muscle - stretches the vocal folds

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2
Q

What muscle lowers the pitch of your voice when it is flexed?

A

Thyroarytenoid muscle - relaxes the vocal folds.

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3
Q

The cricothyroid muscle is innervated by….

A

External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

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4
Q

What muscles are especially important in coughing?

A

Transverse and Oblique Arytenoids

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5
Q

WHat connects the epiglottis and the arytenoids?

A

The Aryepiglottic folds

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6
Q

Name the spaces within the larynx from superior to inferior.

A

1-Pharyngeal inlet
2- Vestibule
3- Ventricle
4- infraglottic space

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7
Q

The vocal ligaments extend from the _______ to the _________.

A

Vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage, anteriorly to thyroid cartilage

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8
Q

The supraglottic space extends from the ______ to the ________.

A

From the laryngeal inlet to the vestibular folds.

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9
Q

The infraglottic space extends from the ________ to the ____________.

A

From the vocal folds to the inferior aspect of the cricoid cartilage.

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10
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the supraglottic space? INfraglottic?

A

Supraglottic- Internal branch of the Superior Laryngeal nerve

Infraglottic- Inferior laryngeal nerve.

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11
Q

The edges of the vocal folds are made of what kind of epithelium? Why?

A

Stratified squamous (nonkeratinized) due to to the friction involved with speaking.

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12
Q

What is the only laryngeal muscle innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve (ext. branch)?

A

The cricothyroid muscle, which elongates the vocal folds and raises pitch.

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13
Q

What muscles have constant tension due to their role in opening the vocal folds to allow breathing?

A

The posterior crycoarytenoids (ABductors)

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14
Q

What 5 factors affect the vocal sounds elicited from the vocal folds?

A 
1-Level of adduction
2-Thickness of vocal folds
3- Length of vocal folds
4- Tension on the vocal folds
5- Breath coming from the trachea
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15
Q

A thick, short, loose vocal fold is likely to produce a high or low sound?

A

Vocal chodes. Short, loose, and thick = Low sounding voice.

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16
Q

Long, tense, thin vocal cords are likely to produce high or low sounds?

A

High.

17
Q

The space between the 2 vocal folds is called the…

A

Rima Glottidis

18
Q

The transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles function to keep the ____________ open and closed.

A

The inter cartilaginous glottis.

19
Q

The inter cartilaginous glottis is controlled by the oblique and transverse arytenoid muscles. What muscles control the inter membranous glottis?

A

Lateral criocoarytenoids.

20
Q

What muscles are flexed/relaxed when whispering?

A

The lateral criocoarytenoids are contracted and the oblique/transverse arytenoids are not.

21
Q

How to hemorrhagic polyps form?

A

Broken capillaries- blood accumulates in the submucosa

Usually unilateral

22
Q

How to laryngeal nodules form?

A

They are calluses from overuse.

Form bilaterallu.

23
Q

At what point does the recurrent laryngeal nerve turn into the inferior laryngeal?

A

Past the cricothyroid joint

24
Q

What type of nerve fibers run in the inferior laryngeal nerve?

A

BE- brachiomeric motor to the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, except the cricothyroid

GSA/GVE - to the infraglottic space (below the vocal folds)

25
Q

What SA fibers run through the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve?

A

Special Sensory taste fibers supplying the base of the tongue and on both sides of the epiglottis

26
Q

What is the key symptom indicating something is wrong with the larynx or its innervation?

A

HOARSENESS

27
Q

Why would a pan coast tumor not affect the left recurrent laryngeal nerve>

A

The apex of the lung is nowhere near the left, because it is stuck behind the ductus arteriosus. The right recurrent laryngeal nerve is much closer to the lung apex.

28
Q

What nerves could potentially be damages in thyroid surgery?

A

The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, or the inferior laryngeal nerve.

29
Q

The thyroid cartilage is suspended from the hyoid bone by….

A

the thyrohyoid membrane

30
Q

The laryngeal prominence is otherwise referred to as the….

A

Adams apple

31
Q

What cartilaginous structures contribute to the crycothyroid joint?

A

The inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage and the lamina of the cricoid cartilage

32
Q

The little nubs of cartilage on top of the arytenoids are called…

A

Corniculate cartilages

33
Q

WHat is the oddball set of paired cartilage within they aryoepiglottic folds?

A

cuneiform cartilage

34
Q

The pouch in between the vestibular and vocal folds is called the….

A

Ventricle

35
Q

What muscles are responsible for fine-tuning pitch?

A

Vocalis muscles (attach to the vocal process of the arytenoids and to the thyroid cartilage at different intervals)

36
Q

What is the only unpaired intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A

The transverse arytenoid (responsible for the cartilaginous portion of the glottis)

Block 5 (10 decks)

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