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Anatomy > Pharyngeal Arches,pouches,clefts. > Flashcards

Pharyngeal Arches,pouches,clefts. Flashcards

1
Q

LOOK AT THE OBJECTIVES

A
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2
Q

In which week do Pharyngeal arches develop?

A

Week 4

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3
Q

What role do neural crest cells play in pharyngeal arches?

A

Contribute to most skeletal and connective tissues of head and neck

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4
Q

Describe the pharyngeal system?

A

It consists of 6 pairs of pharyngeal arches separated by endodermally lined pouches and ectodermly lined clefts.

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5
Q

What does each arch consist of?

A

Nerve,artery and cartilage

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6
Q

List the three components which make up the pharyngeal arches?
What does each component form?

A

1.Ectoderm-cleft
2.Mesoderm + neural crest cells-arches
3.Endoderm-pouch

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7
Q

How many pharyngeal arches develop in an embryo?And which if these does not give rise to any derivates?

A

1.6 pairs
2.the 5th pair

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8
Q

At what stage of development does the tongue develop?

A

Week 4

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9
Q

From which pharyngeal arch does the anterior two thirds of the tongue develop?

A

The first pharyngeal arch

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10
Q

Which pharyngeal arches are responsible for the formation of the posterior third of the tongue?

A

The pharyngeal arches 2 and 3

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11
Q

What are the derivatives of the first pharyngeal arches?

A

refer to Handout

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12
Q

What are the prominence of the pharyngeal arch 1?

A

Maxilla,mandible and zygomatic bone

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13
Q

What is the cartilage of the 1st pharyngeal arch and what does it give rise to?

A

1.Meckel’s Cartilage
2.Malleus,Incus,anterior ligament of the malleus and the sphenomandibular ligament

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14
Q

Muscles of the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

1.Muscles of mastication(temporal is,masseter and pterygoids),mylohyoid, tensor tympani

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15
Q

Nerve of the 1st pharyngeal arch.

A

Trigeminal nerve

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16
Q

Which pharyngeal arches are responsible for the formation of the three bony ossicles of the ear?

A

The first and second pharyngeal arches

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17
Q

What does the first pharyngeal pouch form?

A

Eustachian tube,tympanic membrane +cavity and Temporal bone

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18
Q

What does the first pharyngeal groove give rise to?

A

External acoustic meatus

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19
Q

What does the tubotympanic recess give rise to?

A

The tympanic cavity and Eustachian tube.

20
Q

What happens to the other pharyngeal clefts?

A

The second arches overgrown the clefts and they normally disappear giving rise to the cervical sinus

21
Q

What do each of the pouches form?

A

1-Eustachian tube,tympanic cavity and membrane
2-Palatine tonsils
3-Parathyroid glands(inferior) and thymus
4 -superior parathyroid glands and parafollicular thyroid cells(Ultimobranchial body)

22
Q

What is the name of the cartilage of the second pharyngeal arch?And what does it give rise to?

A

1.Reichert’s Cartilage
2.Stapes,the upper body &lesser Cornu of the hyoid bone,the styloid process of the temporal bone,Stylohyoid ligament

23
Q

Muscles of the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

Platysma,muscles of facial expression,Stylohyoid and stapedius

24
Q

Nerve and artery of the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

1.Facial nerve
2.Stapedial artery

25
Q

What does the 2nd pharyngeal pouch give rise to?

A

Palatine tonsils

26
Q

What does the tubotympanic recess contribute to?

A

The tympanic cavity and Eustachian tube

27
Q

What does the the third pharyngeal arch form?

A

Lower body of hyoid and greater Cornu of hyoid bone

28
Q

Muscles of the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A

Stylopharyngeus and Superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors

29
Q

Nerve and artery of the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A

1.Glossopharyngeal arch
2.Common carotid artery and the proximal portions of the internal and external carotid canal

30
Q

Which pharyngeal arches are responsible for the formation of the three bony ossicles of the ear?

A

1 and 2

31
Q

What does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch give rise to ?

A

Inferior parathyroid glands
Thymus gland

32
Q

What does the thyroid gland develop as?

A

Diverticulum from the foramen cecum.

33
Q

What do the 4th and 6th pharyngeal cartilages form?

A

They fuse to form laryngeal cartilages

34
Q

What does the fourth arch give rise to?
Muscles,nerve and artery?

A

Muscles-cricothyroid,inferior pharyngeal constrictors
Nerve:Superior laryngeal branch of the Vagus nerve
Artery: Right Subclavian and aortic arch

35
Q

What does the 4th pouch give rise to?

A

The superior parathyroid glands and the parafollicular thyroid cells(ultimobranchial body)

36
Q

What does the 6th pharyngeal arch give rise to?
Muscles,nerves and artery?

A

1.Muscles-remaining intrinsic laryngeal musculature
2.Nerve -Recurrent laryngeal nerve branch of vagus nerve
3.Artery-pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus

37
Q

What nerves innervate muscles derived from pre optic somites

A

Occulomotor,trochlear and Abducens

38
Q

Which nerve innervates muscles derived from occipital somites?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

39
Q

Where do bronchial cysts develop?
And where are most of them found?

A

1.Anterior border of the stercleidomastoid muscle
2.Most are found inferior to angle of mandible

40
Q

In which age group are the branchial cysts usually seen and what do they represent?

A

1.Adulthood
2.Remnants of cervical sinus/second pharyngeal clef

41
Q

What are branchial vestiges?And where are they located?

A

1.Cartilaginous or bony remnants
2.anterior to inferior third of SCM muscle

42
Q

What is a first arch syndrome? It
And what causes it?

A

Various congenital anomalies of eyes,ear,mandible and palate.
Migration of neural crest cells into the pharyngeal arch is implicated

43
Q

What are the two manifestations of first syndrome arch syndrome?

A

1.Treacher Collins Syndrome
2.Pierre Robin Syndrome

44
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

Endoderm of the floor primitive pharynx between 1&2nd pharyngeal arches

45
Q

Describe its descend?

A

It descends as a bilobed diverticulum from the foramen cecum around the 4th week and migrates anterior to the hyoid bone and descends into the inferior aspect of the neck by the 7th-8th week

46
Q

What are the anomalies/tissue deficiencies of Treacher Collins Syndrome?

A

1.underdevelopment of zygomatic bones of the face,defects of the lower eyelids,external ear deformations

47
Q

What are the manifestations of Pierre Robin Syndrome?

A

Hypoplasia of the mandible,cleft palate and eye,and ear defects

Anatomy (10 decks)

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