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ANATOMY OF THE SKULL Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the cranium?

A

Cranium and Mandible

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2
Q

Subdivisions of the skull bones?

A

Organized into

Cranial and Facial bones

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3
Q

What are the two parts of the cranium?

A
  1. Neurocranium

2. Viscerocranium

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4
Q

What are the functions of the cranial bones?

A
  1. Site for attachment for head muscles

2. Encases the brain and particular sense organs

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5
Q

What are the functions of the facial bones?

A
  1. Site for attachment for facial muscles
  2. Has cavities for particular sense organs
  3. Framework for the face
  4. Secure teeth
  5. Openings for air and food passage
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6
Q

What are the cavities found in the Viscerocranium?

A
  1. Nasal-olfaction
  2. Orbital-vision
  3. Oral-Gustation
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7
Q

Define the Calvaria.

A

It the dome shaped part of the cranium that forms the superior ,posterior,lateral aspects as well as the forehead.

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8
Q

Define the cranial base?

A

The floor of the cranium consisting of the ethmoid,sphenoid and parts of the frontal,temporal and occipital bone.

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9
Q

What is the cranial cavity?

A

The cavity covered by the cranial base and calvaria

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10
Q

What are the cavities of the brain?

A
  1. Cranial
  2. Orbital
  3. Paranasal sinuses -Nasal Cavity
  4. Middle and Inner ear
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11
Q

Define a fissure?

A

A narrow opening between adjacent parts of bones for nerves and vessels

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12
Q

Define a foramen?

A

Hole /opening

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13
Q

Define a Fossa?

A

Shallow depression

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14
Q

Define a sulcus

A

A groove

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15
Q

Define a meatus?

A

A tubelike passageway

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16
Q

What are Sutures?

A

Connections between bones of the skull?

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17
Q

Which bone of the skull is not connected by sutures and how is connected to other bones?

A

Mandible

Via the temporomandibular joint

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18
Q

List of the cranial bone sutures

A
  1. Coronal
  2. Saggital
  3. Squamous
  4. Lambdoid
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19
Q

How are the sutures of the facial bones named?

A

Based on the name of the bones that are connected

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20
Q

How are skull bones joined at birth?

A

By membranes called fontanelles

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21
Q

What is a Fontanelle?

A

Areas of fibrous tissue membrane separating the bones of the calvaria.

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22
Q

What are the major fontanelles ?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Anterolateral(sphenoidal)
Posterolateral(Mastoid)

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23
Q

Function of Fontanelles?

A

To allow the rapid stretching and deformation of the neurocranium( as the brain expands faster than the surrounding bone can grow)

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24
Q

How many fontanelles are present at birth?

A

6

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25
Q

Describe the anterior fontanelle

A

Refer to handout

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26
Q

Shape of the Anterior Fontanelle?

A

Diamond or rhomboid

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27
Q

Where is the Anterior Fontanelle located ?

A

At the junction of the coronal,saggital and frontal suture.

28
Q

In an adult what does the anterior fontanelle become?

29
Q

By what age would have the anterior fontanelle closed?

30
Q

What three sutures make up the posterior fontanelle?

A

Saggital (anteriorly) and Lambdoid(posteriorly) on either side

31
Q

Shape of the posterior fontanelle

A

Triangular

32
Q

When does the posterior fontanelle begin to close?

A

During the first 2 to 3 months after birth

33
Q

By which age do cranial suture start ossifying?

34
Q

When does obliteration of the cranial sutures usually start?

A

Between 20 to 30 years, often before the age of 40.

35
Q

Order of obliteration of the sutures?

A

First the coronal suture and then extends into the saggital and lambdoid sutures

36
Q

After how long do fontanelles start to close

A

Anterior-12-18months

Posterior-6-8 weeks

37
Q

Order of ossification of the bones of the skull?

A

Occipital,basisphenoid(body of sphenoid) then Ethmoid bone

38
Q

List 15 craniometric points

A

Bregma,Porion,Lambda,Inion,Asterion,Glabella,vertex,Nasion,Orbitale,Prosthion,Inferior alveolar point,Menton,Asterion,maximal occipital point,Gonion

39
Q

Where is the frontal bone located?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

40
Q

What are the structural contribution of the frontal bone?

A
  1. Anterior Cranial Fossa
  2. Roofs of the orbits
  3. Anterior cranial fossa
41
Q

Parts of the Frontal bone?

A
  1. Fronta Squama
  2. Supraorbital margin
  3. Glabella
42
Q

Articulations of the Frontal bone?

A
  1. Coronal suture-with the parietal bones

2. Frontonasal suture

43
Q

What are the sinuses and openings of the frontal bone

A
  1. Frontal sinus

2. Supraorbital Foramen

44
Q

What is a supraorbital notch

A

An incomplete supra-orbital foramen

45
Q

What are the marks of the frontal bone?

A
  1. Frontal squama
  2. Supra-orbital margin
  3. Frontal sinuses
46
Q

What is the supra-orbital foramen for?

A

For passage of blood vessels of the eyebrows, eyelids and frontal sinuses.

47
Q

What are sutural bones?

A

Tiny irregularly shaped bones that appear within sutures

48
Q

Structural contribution of the Parietal Bone?

A

Superior and lateral aspects of the skull

49
Q

Articulations of the Parietal Bone

A
  1. Coronal
  2. Sagittal
  3. Lambdoid
  4. Squamous
  5. Sphenoparietal
50
Q

What attaches on the superior temporal line?

A

The temporal fascia

51
Q

Angles of the parietal bone?

A

Mastoid,sphenoid,frontaloccipital

52
Q

What grooves are found on the internal surface of the Parietal bone?

A

Grooves for the middle meningeal vessels

53
Q

Structural contribution of the temporal bone?

A

Inferolateral aspect of the skull

54
Q

Articulations of the temporal bone?

A

Squamous(Parietal),Occipitomastoid(Occipital),

Sphenosquamosal (Sphenoid),Zygomaticotemporal(zygomatic)

55
Q

What are the regions of the Temporal Bone?

A

Squamous,Tympanic,Mastoid,Petrous

56
Q

What is found in the squamous region of the Temporal bone.

A
  1. Zygomatic Process of the Temporal Bone meets the zygomatic bone to form the zygomatic arch
  2. The mandibular fossa and the condyle of the mandible forming the temporomandibular joint
57
Q

What is found in the tympanic region of the Temporal bone?

A
  1. It is the region that surrounds the external auditory meatus.
  2. The styloid process-which is a needle projection for muscle attachment.
58
Q

What is found in the mastoid region of the Temporal bone?

A

Mastoid sinuses and Anchoring point for neck muscles.

59
Q

What is found in the Petrous part of the Temporal bone?

A
  1. Cranial base
  2. Middle Cranial Fossa
  3. Between occipital and sphenoid bones
  4. Houses middle and inner ear.
60
Q

Between which two bones does the petrous part of the Temporal bone lie?

A

Between the occipital and sphenoid.

61
Q

What foramen are found in the Temporal Bone?

A
  1. Jugular
  2. Carotid Canal
  3. Internal acoustic meatus
62
Q

What is the structural contribution of the occipital bone?

A
  1. Posterior wall and base of the skull.

2. Walls of the posterior cranial fossa

63
Q

Articulations of the occipital bone?

A
  1. Lambdoid-parietal bones
  2. Basioccipital-Sphenoid bone
  3. Occipitomastoid-Temporal bone
64
Q

Openings of the Occipital bone?

A

Foramen Magnum

65
Q

Protrusions of the occipital bone?

A

Occipital Condyles-articulate with the 1st vertebrae

66
Q

Anatomy of occipital bone?

A

REFER TO HANDOUT

Anatomy (10 decks)

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