NASAL CAVITIES AND PARANASAL SINUSES Flashcards
How does the nasal cavity open anteriorly and posteriorly?
ANT-via the nostrils and nares
POST-through the choanae
Define a vestibule?
It is the dilation inside aperture of each nostril, lined with skin with hairs,sebaceous and sweat glands.
What does a vestibule consist of?
Skin with hairs, sebaceous and sweat glands.
What is a conchae?
A structure shaped like a shell, could be parts of the ethmoid bone or could be a separate bone.
What bones make up the roof of the nasal cavity?
It is formed by the nasal,frontal,the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and the sphenoid bone.
What makes the floor of the nasal cavity?
The palatine processes of the maxillary bones and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone.
What is contained in the floor of the nasal cavity and what passes through it?
Incisive foramen
Nasopalatine and sphenopalatine artery.
What makes the medial wall of the nasal septum?
1.Septal Cartilage
2.Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
3.Vomer
4.Processes of the maxilla,palatine,frontal sphenoid and the nasal bones.
What makes up the lateral wall of the basal cavity?
1.Frontal process and nasal surface of the maxilla
2.lacrimal bone
3.Perpendicular plate of the palatine bone
4.Medial pterygoid plates of the sphenoid
5.Nasal bone
6.Superior and inferior nasal conchae
What structures and openings are found in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
1.Sphenoethmoidal recess-opening of the sphenoid sinus
2.The superior meatus-opening of the posterior ethmoidal sinus
3.The middle meatus-Hiatus semilunaris -opening of the maxillary sinus and the anterior ethmoidal sinus.The ethmoidal bulla-opening of the middle ethmoidal sinus and the infundibulum-opening of thefrontonal sinuses
4.The inferior meatus-opening of the nasolacrimal duct.
5. Sphenopalatine foramen-opening of the pterygopalatine fossa
What is transmitted through the sphenopalatine foramen?
Nasopalatine nerve
Sphenopalatine artery
What are the subdivisions of the nasal cavities?
1.Vestibule
2.Respiratory region
3.Olfactory region
What bounds the vestibule?
Alar plate
What part of the nasal cavity does the respiratory region consist of ?
Lower third
Function of the respiratory region?
Warms,moistens and filters air with mucous membrane
What does the olfactory region consist of ?
The superior nasal concha and the upper third of the nasal septum.
What innervates the olfactory region?
The olfactory nerves?
Describe the blood supply of the nasal cavity?
REFER TO HANDOUT
Which main arteries supply the nasal cavity?
1.Opthalmic artery
2.Maxillary artery
3.Facial artery
Branches of the maxillary artery?
The posterior lateral nasal and septal branches of the sphenopalatine artery.
Branches of the ophthalmic artery?
anterior and posterior branches of the ethmoidal arteries on lateral wall.
Branches of the facial artery?
REFER TRI HANDOUT.
What do the lymphatics of the nasal cavity drain into?
1.Submandibular lymph nides
2.Retropharyngeal nodes
3.Deep Cervical nodes then into jugular trunks
Nerve supply of the nasal cavity?
1.Olfcarory nerve-for olfaction
2.Maxillary and ophthalmic nerve via the pterygopalatine ganglion; infraorbital nerve
What are the major paranasal sinuses?
Maxillary,ethmoidal,frontal and sphenoidal
Where do the paranasal sinuses open onto?
Meatuses of lateral nasal wall
Sphenoethmoid recess
Where are the ethmoidal air cells found?
In the ethmoidal labyrinth between the orbit and nasal cavity.
Where is the frontal bone found?
in the frontal bone?
What innervates the frontal sinus?
Ophthalmic nerve-supraorbital branch
What is the largest sinus?
Maxillary
Where does the maxillary sinus lie?
In the maxillary bone lateral to nasal cavity and inferior to the floor of the orbit.
Where does the sphenoid sinus lie?
in the sphenoid bone
What nerve innervates the sphenoid sinus?
maxillary nerve
What lies above the sphenoidal sinus?
the pituitary gland
How can the pituitary gland be removed in relation to sinuses
Through a transsphenoidal approach
What is a sneeze?
Involuntary expulsion of air through the mouth and nose.
Which nerve is responsible for a sneeze?
Maxillary nerve
What is epistaxis?
Nose bleed from the rupture of blood nasal vessels like the sphenopalatine artery.
What is a nasal polyp?
An inflammatory polyp from sinuses can project into the nasal cavity and may fill nasopharynx.
What is rhinoplasty?
Type of plastic surgery changes shape and size of nose
Where can maxillary sinusitis spread to?
Upper teeth causing a toothache
