Pharyngeal Arches and Face Flashcards by Garrett Oberst

Arches above the larynx

1,2,3

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Arches below the larynx

4 and 6

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Arch 5

Exists transiently during development

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Each arch separated by

Pharyngeal groove (external)
Pharyngeal pouch (internal)

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How are grooves and pouches named?

For arch superior to it

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Membrane between each groove nad pouch

Pharyngeal membrane

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Ectderm lines

External surface of each arch and surrounding groove

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Endoderm lines

Deep side of each arch and pouch

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What separates ectoderm from endoderm

Mesenchyme

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What is mesenchyme derived from

Paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm and nerual crest cells

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Mesenchyme differentiates into

Neural tissue, vessels, and cartilage/bone

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Eahc arch contains

Aortic arch
Cartilaginous rod
Muscular component
Nerve

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Aortic arch

Artery from truncus arteriois

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Cartilaginous rod forms

Skeleton of the arc h

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Muscular component of arch forms

Muscles of the head and neck

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Nerve of each arch

Supplies mucosa and muslces derived from arch

Derived from neuroectoderm of primordial brain

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Arch 1 nerve

Trigeminal

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Arch 2 nerve

Facial

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Arch 3 nerve

Glossopharyngeal

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Arch 4 nerve

Pharyngeal branches of superior laryngeal nerve of vagus

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Arch 6 nerve

Recurrent laryngeal banrch of vagus

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Arch 1 vascular

Maxillary artery

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Arch 2 vascular

Hyoid and stapedial artery

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Arch 3 vascular

Carotids

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Arch 4 vascular

``` Aortic arch (left) between LCC and LSC Right subclavian (proximal) ```

Arch 6 vascular

R - R pulmonary artery | L - ductus arteriosis

Arch 1 cartilage/bone

Bones of the face

Arch 2 cartilage/bone

Styloid process Lesser horn and superior 1/2 of hyoid Stapes

Arch 3 cartilage and bone

Greater horn of hyoid and inferior 1/2

Arch 4 and 6 cartilage and bone

Laryngeal cartilages

First pharyngeal membrane becomes

Tympanic membrane

First pharyngeal groove becomes

External auditory meatus

Germ layers of tympanic membrane

Ectoderm - skin over outer MEsoderm - actual membrane Endo - skin covering inner

Cervical cysts result of

Failure of pharyngeal grooves 2-4 to be resorbed | Fluid filled cyst in cervical levels

1st pharyngela pouch becomes

Middle ear cavity/mastoid antrum and auditory tube

2nd pharyngeal pouch becomes

Epithelium of palaitne tonsils

Pouch 3 superior becomes

Inferior parathyroids

Pouch 3 inferior becomes

Thymus

Puch 4 superior becomes

Superior parathyroids

Pouch 4 inferior become

C cells of thyroid

Thyroid develops from

INvagination of endoderm (foramen cecum)

Thyroglossal duct formed from

Trail of descending thyroid

Pyramidal lobe of thyroid in adult is

Remnant of thyroglossal duct

Tongue is formed from

Contributions from arches 1-4

Arch 1 tongue contribution embryological and audlt

Medial and lateral tongue buds | Anterior 2/3

Arch 2-4 tongue embryological and aduklt

``` Hypobranchial eminence (3rd most) Post 1/3 ```

Sulcus terminalis is

Junction of Arch 2-4 and arch 1

Sulcus terminalis is posteiror to

Circumvallate papillae

Extrinsic tongue muscles from

Mesoderm from occipital somites

Treacher collins syndrome...cause and effects

1st arch syndrome Failure of nerual crest cells into 1st arch Underdeveloped zygomatic bones, mandibular hypoplasia, malformed ears Hearing loss No cog defect

Face develops from

Prominences that surround stomodeum

Stomodeum

Opening of oropharyngeal region

Prominences of face

Frontonasal Maxilary (2) Mandibular (2)

Maxillary and mandibular prominences derived from

Arch 1

Nasal placodes formed from

Frontonasal prominence, 2 thickenings on lateral edges

Nasal pit...what is it and what does it form?

Depression in center of nasal placode | Forms anterior nasal openings and nasal cavity

Laterla nasal process

Part of nasal placode lateral to nasal pit

Medial nasal process

Part of nasal placode medial to nasal pit

Nasolacrimal furrow between

Maxillary prominence and lateral nasal process

Nasolacrimal duct formed from

Ectoderm in nasolacrimal furrow

Oblique facial cleft formed from

Maxiallary and lateral nasal process that don't fuse | Open nasolacrimal duct

Intermaxillary segment formed from and what does it form

2 medial nasal processes fusing | Philtrum of the lip

Median cleft lip result of

2 medial nasal processes fusing

Macrostomia

When mandibular and maxillary processes halt fusion early | Mouth extends far laterally to the ears

Microstomia

Excessive merging of the macxillary and mandibular processes

Palate developmets

From mesenchyme deep to intermaxillary segment and maxillary processes

Portion of palate from intermaxillary process forms

Anterior plate

Portion of palate deep to maxillary process forms

Posterior palate

Incisive teeth/portion of hard palate anterior to incisive foramen from

INtermaxillary segment

Secondary plate formed from

2 palatine shelves - extnesions of maxillary processes

Nasal septum from

Frontonasal prominences underlying mesenchyme

Secondary palates are from and help form

from nasal septum | Separate oral and nasal cavity

Bifid uvula result of

Incomplete fusion of palatine shelves