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Anatomy and Radiology Test 3 > Eye and Orbit > Flashcards

Eye and Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

3 layers of the eye

A

Fibrous layer
Vascular layer
Neural layer

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2
Q

Fibrous layer of the eye

A

Sclera and cornea

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3
Q

Vascular layer of the eye

A

Choroid, ciliary body and iris

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4
Q

Neural layer of the eye

A

Retina

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5
Q

Slera is responsible for

A

Maintaining shape of the eye

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6
Q

Sclera continuous with

A

Cornea

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7
Q

What pierces the slcera

A

Optic nerve and central artery of the retina

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8
Q

Cornea is the

A

Anterior transparent outer layer of the ye

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9
Q

All vascular layer structures contain

A

Pigment

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10
Q

Choroid is____ and where does it lie

A

High vascularized and covered posterior 80% of eye

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11
Q

Ciliary body extends from

A

Ora serrata to outer edge of iris

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12
Q

Ciliary body contans

A

Ciliaris muscle

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13
Q

Iris controls

A

Size of pupil
How much light gets in
Muscular

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14
Q

Retina is origin of

A

Optic nerve

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15
Q

Retina is composed of

A

External pigmented and deeper multicellular layer

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16
Q

Retina ends at

A

Ciliary body near ora serrata

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17
Q

Ciliary processes

A

Most anterior part of ciliary body

Attach to zonular fibers of the lens

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18
Q

Contraction of ciliaris

A

Draws ciliary processes to relax the zonular fibers and cause lens to round up

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19
Q

Accomodation caused by

A

Contraction of ciliaris muscle causing relaxation of zonular fibers and causing lens to round up

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20
Q

Distant vision

A

Lens is stretched thin and ciliary muscle is relaxed

Zonular fibers under tension

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21
Q

Near vision

A

Parasympathetic causes ciliary muscles to contract
Zonular relaxes
Lens becomes more spherical

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22
Q

What divides eye into anterior and posterior chamber

A

Lens

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23
Q

Auqeous humor fills

A

Anterior and posterior chambers

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24
Q

Aqueous humor produced by

A

Ciliary processes

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25
Q

Path of aqueous humor

A

Ciliary process
Posterior chamber
Through pupil into anterior chamber
Sleral venous sinus

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26
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increased intraocular pressure

Compressed retina and optic nerve

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27
Q

Obstruction of auqeous humor drainage

A

Can cause glaucoma

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28
Q

4 things light must pass through

A

Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous body

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29
Q

Vitreous body

A

Fills region posterior to lens

Holds retina in place and supports len

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30
Q

Macula lutea

A

Center of optic axis

Specialized for visual activity

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31
Q

Macula lutea is )_____ to optic disc

A

Lateral

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32
Q

Fovea Centralis

A

Center of macula
Thinnest part of retina
Area of greatest visual activity in macula

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33
Q

Optic disc entrances nad exits

A

Exit of optic nerve and central vein of the retina
Entrance of the central artery of the retina

Also the blind spot

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34
Q

Papilledema is result of

A

Increased intracranial pressure

Veins of eye cannot drain

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35
Q

How is drainage of eye connected to brain

A

Optic nerve travels through optic canal and is surrounded by dura…will also have subarachnoid space connected to brain

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36
Q

Optic nerve is _____processes and passes through _____ to enter ______

A

Ganglion cell central
Optic canal
Middle cranial fossa

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37
Q

Bones of the orbit

A 
Frontal 
Sphenoid 
Zygomatic
Ethmoid
Lacrimal 
Maxilla 
Palatine
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38
Q

Margin of orbit from

A

Frontal, zygomatic, maxilla

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39
Q

Laterally, eye is protected by

A

Fronal and zygomatic bones

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40
Q

Which walls of orbit are thinnest?

A

Inferior and medial

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41
Q

Blowout fracture of orbit

A

Results from direct blow

Medial and inferior wall fractures are most common

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42
Q

Periorbita

A

Orbital periosteum attached to bone

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43
Q

Orbital septum

A

Anteiror continuation of periorbita

44
Q

Bulbar fascia acts as a ______and envelopes ____

A

Socket

Eye and optic nerve

45
Q

What does bulbar fascia separate eye from

A

Orbital fat

46
Q

What does bulbar fascia fuse with

A

Optic nerve - post

Sclera nad ocular conjunctiva - ant

47
Q

How do extraocular muscles attach to eye

A

Pierce bulbar fascia to attach to sclera

48
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Mucous membrane on inner eyelids that reflects onto eye

49
Q

Palpebral conjunctiva

A

Conjunctiva on inner surface of eyelids

50
Q

Ocular or bulbar conjunctiva

A

Conjunctiva reflected onto the eye

51
Q

Plica semilunaris

A

Medial angle of folded conjunctiva

52
Q

Superior and inferior fornices

A

Points of reflexion of palpebral conjunctiva to ocular conjunctiva

53
Q

Tarsal plates

A

Thick connective tissue in upper and lower eyelid used to protect eye
Secrete oily substance

54
Q

Eyelid compsed of

A

Skin, superficial fascia, orbicularis oculi, tarsal plate, orbital septum, and palpebral conjunctiva

55
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

A

Attaches to skin of superior eyelid and superior tarsal plate

56
Q

Smooth muscle component of levator palpebrae

A

Superior tarsal muscle

57
Q

Innervation of levator palpebrae

A

Sympathetic from superior cervical ganglion

58
Q

Recti muscles arise from and attach to

A

Tendinous ring at apex of orbit

Attaches to anterior half of eye

59
Q

Superoir oblique arises from and attaches to

A

Sphenoid
Posterior half of eye
Passes through trochlea

60
Q

Inferior oblique arises from and attaches to

A

Maxilla

Posterior half of eye

61
Q

Action of levator palpebra superior

A

Elevates sup eyelild

62
Q

MR action

63
Q

LR action

64
Q

SR action

A

Elevation, adduction, medial rotation

65
Q

IR action

A

Depression, adduction, and lateral rotation

66
Q

SO action

A

Depression, abduction, and medial rotation

67
Q

IO actiojn

A

Elevation, abduction, and lateral rotation

68
Q

SO offsets _____ of _____

A

Adduction and lateral rotation of IR

69
Q

IO offsets ________ of _______

A

Adduction and medial rotation of SR

70
Q

How to test SR

A

Abduct then elevate

71
Q

How to test IO

A

Adduct, then elevate

72
Q

How to test SO

A

Abduct then depress

73
Q

How to test IR

A

Adduct, then depress

74
Q

What passes through optic canal

A

Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

75
Q

What passes through superior orbital fissure?

A

Oculomotor nerve, nasociliary nerve, abducens, frontal, lacrimal, trochlear nerves
Ophthalmic veins

76
Q

Levator palpebra superioris innervation

A

SMooth - sym

Skeletal - oculomotor

77
Q

Ptosis

A

Eyelid droops

78
Q

Lacrimal gland

A

Ducts pierce conuunctiva and empties into lateral side of superior fornix

79
Q

Lacrimal canaliculi

A

Ducts on medial side of eye lid that drain lacrimal secretions into lacrimal sac

80
Q

Puncta are openings of

A

Lacrimal canaliculi

81
Q

Nasolacrimal duct

A

Continuation of lacrimal sac that drains to inferior meatus of nasal cavituy

82
Q

Ophthalmic artery from

A

Internal carotid

83
Q

Central artery of the retina

A

Pierces optic nerve and enters eye via optic disc

84
Q

Cnetral artery of retina supplies

A

Inner layers of the retina

85
Q

Blockage of central artery of retina leads to

A

Blindness in affected eye

86
Q

POsterior ciliary arteries

A

Pierce slera and supply choroid and outer layer of the retina

87
Q

Blockage of posterior ciliary arteries leads to

A

Partial blindness

88
Q

Muscular branches of ophthalmic

A

Supply muscles and sned branches to anteiror ciliary arteries to choroid layers

89
Q

Lacrimal artery goes to

A

Lacrimal gland

90
Q

Ethmoidal arteries supply

A

Ehtmoidal air cells and nasal cavity

91
Q

Supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries supply

92
Q

Dorsal nasal artery supplies

A

Superior aspect of the nose

93
Q

Vorticose veins are in ______

A

Choroid layer and retina

94
Q

Vorticose veins enter into

A

Superior and inferior ophthlamic veins

95
Q

Ophthalmic veins connect to

A

Cavernous sinous, pterygoid plexus, and angular/facial veins

96
Q

Central vein of retina empties into

A

Cavernous sinus or opthalmic vein

97
Q

Frontal nerve supplies

A

Sensory to skin on forehead

98
Q

Lacrimal nerve innervates

A

Lacrimal gland and skin on side of orbit

99
Q

Nasociliary nerve

A

Sensory to eye, ethmoid air cells, nasal cavity, and external nose

100
Q

Parasymp of eye

A

Run with short ciliary to innervate sphincter pupillae/ciliaris

101
Q

Short ciliary vs. long ciliary

A

Long ciliary come directly off of the nasociliary

Short ciliary originate from ciliary ganglion

102
Q

Anterior ehtmoidal nerve

A

Branch of nasociliary nerve

Has internal nasal brnahces and terminates as external nasal nerve

103
Q

Pupillary light reflex affarent/efferent

A

Affarnet - optic nerve

Efferent - oculomotor (parasym_

104
Q

Corneal reflex

A

Light touch to cornea elicits blink
affarent - nasociliary
Efferent - facial nerve (to orbicularis oculi)

105
Q

COnjunctiva does not cover

Anatomy and Radiology Test 3 (11 decks)

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