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Anatomy II: Exam I > Pharyngeal Apparatus > Flashcards

Pharyngeal Apparatus Flashcards

1
Q

when and how do pharyngeal arches appear

A
  • week 4

- as pairs of bulges overlaying head and neck bc migration of neural crest cells

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2
Q

components of pharyngeal apparatus

A
  1. arches
  2. clefts/grooves
  3. pouches
  4. membranes
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3
Q

arches

A
  • 4 pharyngeal arches
  • condensations of mesenchye in ant pharynx
  • 5 not visible
  • 4 and 6 paired together
  • layer of mesenchyme btwn surface ectoderm and pharyngeal endoderm
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4
Q

clefts

A
  • depressions btwn arches
  • lined w/ ectoderm
  • on exterior of pharynx
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5
Q

pouches

A
  • outpouchings btwn arches lined w/ endoderm
  • on interior of pharynx
  • 4 pair
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6
Q

membranes

A

-where clefts and pouches come together

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7
Q

mesenchymal origins of apparatus

A
  1. neural crest cells: skeletal elements

2. paraxial mesoderm: striated mm, dermis, endothelium of BVs, vertebrae

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8
Q

max process of pharyngeal arch I derivatives

A

cart: max bones (inf nasal choncae), zygomatic bones, vomer
skeletal: sphenomand lig, ant lig of malleus, malleus, incus, mand canal
muscle: MOM, mylohyoid, ant belly of digastric, tensor twins
CN: V

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9
Q

mand process of pharyngeal arch I derivatives

A

cart: mandible, squamous portion of temp bone

* all else same as max process

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10
Q

Arch II derivatives

A

skeletal: Reichert cartilage, lesser cornu of hyoid bone, stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid lig
muslce: facial expression, stapedius m , post belly of digastric
CN: VII

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11
Q

arch III derivatives

A

skeletal: hyoid bone, greater cornu of hyoid bone
muscle: stylopharyngeal m
CN: IX

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12
Q

arch IV derivatives

A

skeletal: thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage
muscle: pharyngeal m
CN: X

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13
Q

1st pair of groove derivatives

A
  • only groove contributing to a post-natal structure

- ext acoustic meatus

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14
Q

2nd-4th groove derivatives

A
  • arch 2 overgrows arches 3-4

- grooves 2-4 unite to form the cervical sinus (gives rise to cervical vessicle)

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15
Q

cervical (branchial) cyst

A
  • may develop from remnants of cervical sinus

- fluid filled, just below angle of mandible, lateral

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16
Q

germ layers of tympanic membrane

A

endoderm and surface ectoderm

17
Q

pouch I structures

A
  • tubotympanic recess (extension of eustachian tube connecting middle ear cavity and pharynx)
  • middle portion of tubotympanic recess = tympanic cavity + mastoid antrum
  • contributes to endoderm of tympanic membrane
18
Q

pouch II structures

A

-palatine tonsils

19
Q

pouch III structures

A
  • dorsal buds: inf parathyroid glands
  • ventral buds: fuse at midline to form thymus
  • will migrate caudally to adult locations
20
Q

pouch IV structures

A
  • dorsal buds: superior parathyroid glands
  • ventral buds: ultimopharyngeal body (elongated portion of each ventral bud that will fuse w/ thyroid gland) *cells w/in bodies become parafollicular ā€œCā€ cells producing calcitonin
21
Q

origin of thyroid gland

A

penetrates down thru foramen cecum in tongue (btwn ant 2/3 and post 1/3), creating thyroglossal duct

22
Q

thyroglossal duct cyst

A
  • results from imperfect closure of thyroglossal duct

- forms at midline, may move with tongue when swallowing

23
Q

pharyngeal arch contributions to tongue

A
  • median lingual swelling and 2 lat ling swellings develop at 1st arch level
  • lat swellings grow and fuse at midline, covnering median and forming ant 2/3 tongue
  • post tongue forms from elevations in floor of pharynx (copula = 2nd arch, hypopharyngeal eminence = 3rd/4th arch)
24
Q

terminal sulcus

A

v shaped line separating ant 2/3 and posy 1/3 tongue

25
Q

ant 2/3 tongue innervation

A
  • 1st arch
  • CN V3: general sensory
  • CN VII: chorda tympani taste
26
Q

post 1/3 tongue innervation

A
  • mostly 3rd arch

- CN IX: general sensory and taste

27
Q

epiglottis innervation

A
  • 4th arch

- CN X: general sensory and taste

Anatomy II: Exam I (10 decks)

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