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Anatomy II: Exam I > CN V and VII > Flashcards

CN V and VII Flashcards

1
Q

fnctns of V

A

transmits tactile, proprioceptive, pain and temp from head to cortex (also cerebellum and RF)

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2
Q

divisions of CN V

A
  1. opthalmic: upper face, sensory only
  2. maxillary: middle face, sensory only
  3. mandibular: lower face, sensory and motor
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3
Q

functional components of CN V

A

mesencephalic nucleus, main/principle nucleus, spinal nucleus, motor nucleus

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4
Q

motor components of CN V

A
  • brachial motor
  • cell bodies: trigeminal motor nucleus (terminate in MOM and TT) *lesion causes weakened jaw closure, open jaw deviating to side of lesion
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5
Q

supratrigeminal nucleus

A
  • near V motor nucleus, actually part of RF

- pattern generator for masticatory rhythm

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6
Q

CN V motor nucleus

A
  • innervates MOM and TT
  • brachial motor nucleus (1st arch mm)
  • efferent limb of jerk reflex
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7
Q

CN V mesencephalic nucleus

A
  • sensory afferent
  • cell bodies: trigeminal nesencephalic nucleus, centrally directed process terminate in 1. trigem motor nucleus (jaw jerk reflex) 2. supratrigem nucleus (chewing)
  • senses: proprioception (spindles in MOM, mechanoreceptors in gums, teeth, and hard palate)
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8
Q

proprioception from CN V

A
  • receptors: neuromuscular spindles of MOM, pressure/tension receptors in periodontal ligs
  • cell body of origin: unipolar, trigem mesencephalic nucleus
  • projects to: trigem motor nucleus, supratrigem nucleus controls occlusal vert dimension
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9
Q

sensory components of CN V

A
  1. trigem main/princliple sensory nucleus: mid pons (forms column of cells almost continuous thru BS)
  2. trigem spinal nucleus: extends caudally into medulla
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10
Q

cortical representation of CN V

A

parietal lobe (post central gyrus, brodmanns area (3-1-2)

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11
Q

main sensory nucleus of CN V

A
  • sensory afferent service face, head, oral cavity, teeth, meninges
  • cell bodies: trigem ganglion
  • terminate in main/princliple trigem sensory nucleus (discriminative touch and vibration, proprioception)
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12
Q

2 ascending pathways of mean sensory nucleus of CN V

A
  1. crossed joins medial lemn on way to VPM

2. uncrossed (dorsal trigem tract) inside mouth represented to VPM)

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13
Q

spinal trigeminal nucleus of CN V

A
  • sensory afferent service face, oral cavity, teeth meninges
  • cell bodies: trigeminal ganglion
  • term in trigem spinal nucleus (pain, crude touch, temp)
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14
Q

path of spinal trigeminal nucleus of CN V

A
  • afferents descend thru spinal trigem tract and synapse in caudal nucleus
  • 2nd order neurson send axons across midline, ascend and join spinothalamic tract, terminate in VPM
  • pars oralis/interpolaris: crude touch
  • pars caudalis: pain and temp mediated
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15
Q

CN V major connections

A
  1. peripheral brs of mesencephalic neurons innervate messeter m spindle and other mechanoreceptors
  2. tactile afferents
  3. motor neuron fibers: MOM
  4. pain/temp afferents
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16
Q

injury to pars caudalis

A
  • causes inverted representation of face
  • “onion peel” rostral (oral) to caudal (peripheral)
  • primarily pain fibers
  • more caudal the injury the larger area around mouth that is spared of sensory loss
17
Q

motor functions of CN VII

A
  • mm of facial expression: closes eyes and lips

- stapedius m: modulates sound volume

18
Q

sensory function of CN VII

A
  • skin of outer ear (geniculate ganglion)

- palatine tonsil and post nasal cavity (geniculate ganglion-solitary nucleus)

19
Q

other functions of CN VII

A
  • salivation
  • lacrimation
  • taste: ant 2/3 tongue
20
Q

somatic sensory of CN VII

A
  • skin of outer ear
  • fibers enter spinal trigem tract, dorsomedially situated
  • act exactly as trigeminal afferents
21
Q

facial motor nucleus and corticibulbar path

A
  • motor neurons to lower facial mm mainly innervated by contralat cortex, but upper facial mm innervated bilaterally
  • unilat damage results in inability to smile symmetrically but can still wrinkly forehead symmetrically
22
Q

trigeminal neuralgia

A
  • brief episodes of pain in one or more div of CN VII (mainly mandibular)
  • no sensory trouble btwn attacks
  • often tactile stimuli is trigger
  • many cases due to trigem compression by tumor or sup cerebral artery
23
Q

cures for trigem neuralgia

A
  • destroying trigem gang would remove all sensation from entire side of face
  • section trigem tract slightly caudal to obex, remove afferents to caudal nucleus
24
Q

Bell’s palsy

A
  • unilat facial paralysis bc CN VII dysfunction
  • great discomfort for denture wearers
  • unknown cause, believed to be facial n swelling in canal
  • commonly rapid onset w/ partial or complete paralysis
  • usually improves over time and w/ steroids
25
Q

corneal blink reflex

A
  • touch cornea and both eyes blink
  • afferent limb: Vi to SpV tract
  • efferent limb: VII elicited by bilat projection from SpV nucleus/RF
  • clinical test of V, VII, and central connections
26
Q

jaw opening/closing reflex

A
  • opening: food in contact with oral membrane
  • closing: periodontal afferents activated by occlusion, pain afferents from mucosal membrane
  • input (V) from
    1. jaw mm (proprioception: trigem mesencephalic nucleus)
    2. tactile info (food in mouth: trigem main nuc)
    3. pain info: trigem spinal nuc)
  • output to MOM
27
Q

jaw jerk reflex

A
  • monosynaptic reflex
  • downward tap on chin, stretches masseter m
  • aff lim: mesencephalic V neuron innervating masseter spindle
  • eff limb: V motor neuron
28
Q

what is flavor due to?

A
  1. direct chemical stimulation
  2. olfactory receptors responding to food vapors
  3. chemosensitive and somatosensory free n endings of V, IX, and X in mucous mem
29
Q

where does taste input go?

A

to rostral aspect of nucleus of solitary tract

30
Q

taste pathway in CNS

A

-gustatory afferents reach nucleus of the solitary tract via the solitary tract

31
Q

what do 2nd order fibers do in the taste pathway?

A
  1. reflex activities: swallow, salivate
  2. project uncrossed to thalamus (VPM), then to gustatory cortex (insula)

*projects to orbitofrontal cortex, integrated there w/ olfactory info, reches amygdala, then to limbic system and hypothalamus

Anatomy II: Exam I (10 decks)

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