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TMD > Pharmacotherapy > Flashcards

Pharmacotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

For the reduction of pain to promote function.

A

Pharmacotherapy

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2
Q

Analgesics include:

A
  • NSAIDs
  • Acetaminophen
  • Corticosteroids
  • Injections (LA)
  • Opioids
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3
Q

These suppress the action of prostaglandins and thromboxanes by inhibiting cyclooxygenases.

A

NSAIDs

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4
Q

Effects of NSAIDs.

A
  • Analgesic
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Anti-pyretic
  • Anti-coagulant
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5
Q

Selective NSAIDs inhibit…

A

COX-2

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6
Q

Non-selective NSAIDs inhibit…

A

COX 1 and 2

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7
Q

A type of NSAID that’s called Advil

A

Ibuprofen

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8
Q

These are used for mild to moderate pain, or post-surgical pain.

A

NSAIDs

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9
Q

NSAIDs cannot be used in these patients:

A
  • Renal disease
  • Asthma
  • GI ulcers
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10
Q

Avoid these COX inhibitors if there’s an allergy to sulfa meds.

A

2

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11
Q

AKA Tylenol

A

Acetaminophen

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12
Q

The drug of choice for pregnancy.

A

Acetaminophen

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13
Q

Tylenol MOA

A

Inhibits COX-3, which acts in the CNS.

Does NOT suppress prostaglandins!

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14
Q

Acetaminophen max dose.

A

3g/day

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15
Q

Avoid use of Acetaminophen in:

A
  • Liver disease

- Chronic alcoholics

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16
Q

These prevent the breakdown of cell mediators.

A

Corticosteroids

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17
Q

These are for moderate to severe pain, and TMJ SURGERY.

A

Corticosteroids

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18
Q

How do you discontinue corticosteroids?

A

Taper the dose.

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19
Q

Where do corticosteroids work?

A

Peripherally at the tissue level.

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20
Q

These block voltage-gated Na channels on nociceptors.

A

Local anesthetics

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21
Q

Long-acting LA.

A

Bupivacaine

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22
Q

Avoid LA’s in what?

A

Myositis

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23
Q

These act at nociceptors.

A

LA’s

Opioids

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24
Q

Act on Mu, Kappa, and Delta receptors.

A

Opioids

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25
Q

Do not give this drug to someone with chronic pain, bc it can cause dependence.

A

Opioids

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26
Q

These drugs act on peripheral and central nociceptors.

A

Opioids

27
Q

Adjunct analgesics

A
  • Muscle relaxants
  • Anxiolytics - Benzodiazepines
  • Antidepressants (TCA’s)
  • NMDA Receptor Antagonist
28
Q

Where do adjunct analgesics act?

A

Centrally

29
Q

These are not designed to control pain.

A

Adjunct analgesics

30
Q

Common muscle relaxants.

A
  • Baclofen
  • Tizanidine
  • Cyclobenzaprine
31
Q

Clinical uses of muscle relaxants.

A
  • Masticatory muscle pain
  • Muscle pain upon awakening
  • Sleep disturbance associated with pain
32
Q

These drugs act at the tissue level.

A

NSAIDS

Steroids

33
Q

These drugs act centrally

A

Muscle relaxants
Acetaminophen
Opioids

34
Q

Muscle relaxants act centrally or peripherally.

A

Centrally

35
Q

Benzos cause the release of what?

A

GABA

36
Q

Function of GABA

A

Inhibit the motor endplate to cause muscle relaxation.

37
Q

Benzos end in what?

A

“azepam”

38
Q

Benzos may worsen this.

A

Depression

39
Q

These are given for chronic pain with sleep disturbances.

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

40
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants MOA

A

Inhibit the reuptake of Serotonin and NE.

41
Q

Increase the inhibitory descending bulbospinal pathway.

A

TCA’s.

42
Q

These drugs are used for chronic pain.

A

NMDA receptor antagonists

43
Q

Examples of NMDA receptor antagonsits.

A

Ketamine

Dextromorphan

44
Q

You need 2400 mg/day of this drug in order to have anti-inflammatory effects.

A lower does only has anti-analgesic effects.

A

Ibuprofen

45
Q

Pain from injury or disease to the nervous system (PNS and CNS).

A

Neuropathic pain

46
Q

Classifications of neuropathic pain.

A

1) Continuous

2) Episodic

47
Q

Meds used for neuropathic pain.

A

Anticonvulsants & Capsaicin

48
Q

Anticonvulsants

A

Carbamazepine
Oxaycarmazepine
Gabapentin
Pregabalin

49
Q

Anticonvulsant that decreases the conductance of Na and K, suppressing alpha delta and C fibers.

A

Carbamazepine

50
Q

Blocks voltage-gated Na and Ca channels.

A

Oxycarbazepine

51
Q

Anticonvulsant that affects voltage gated Ca channels, but the mechanism is uncertain.

A

Gabapentin

52
Q

Anticonvulsant that’s similar in effect to gabapentin, binds to a subunit of Calcium channel and reduces neuronal activity.

A

Pregabalin

53
Q

Activation of this receptor destroys nociceptive fibers.

A

TRPV1

54
Q

This drug activates the TRPV1 Receptor.

A

Capsaicin

55
Q

This drug is used as/for:

  • Diagnostic aid
  • Burning Mouth
  • Atypical odontalgia
A

Capsaicin

56
Q

Avoid this NSAID in asthma patients.

A

Ibuprofen

57
Q

Avoid this drug if have a sulfa allergy.

A

Celecoxib

58
Q

This NSAID is for MODERATE pain intensity.

A

Acetaminophen

59
Q

This drug is contraindicated for osteoporosis.

A

Methyl prednisone (osteoporosis)

60
Q

Avoid this in gastric ulcer.

A

Ibuprofen

61
Q

Avoid this in hypercholesterolemia.

A

Celecoxib

62
Q

Used for inflamation and severe pain.

A

Methyl Prednisone

63
Q

Avoid this type of drug if have gastric ulcers.

A

NSAIDs

64
Q

This drug is for CHRONIC pain

A

.Amitriptyline (Tricyclic Antidepressants)

TMD (14 decks)

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