Lec 1

Question 1

Universal features of TM Disorders

Answer 1

Muscle pain

Joint sounds

Restricted function

Question 2

Prevalence definition.

Answer 2

How many people have the disease.

Question 3

Incidence definition

Answer 3

How many people WILL develop the disease.

Question 4

Prevalence for TMD

Answer 4

10%

Question 5

TMD is more prevalent during which years?

Answer 5

Reproductive years

Question 6

TMD prevalence decreases after which decade?

Answer 6

40s

Question 7

Prevalence vs incidence for TMD.

Answer 7

Prevalence is greater bc it’s a chronic condition, so it takes time to develop.

Question 8

Overall incidence rate of first-onset TMD.

Answer 8

3.9% per year

Question 9

Women report….

Answer 9

More severe, frequent, and longer pain.

Question 10

Males have more of this kind of pain.

Answer 10

Acute

Question 11

Estrogen and peak TMD pain

Answer 11

TMD pain peaks at low estrogen levels, and at times of rapid estrogen chaged.

Question 12

Estrogen levels during pregnancy.

Answer 12

HIGH, so little TMD pain.

Question 13

How do hormonal fluctuations affect pain in women with TMD?

Answer 13

INCREASE

Question 14

The most common diagnosis in TMD patient populations.

Answer 14

Myofascial pain

Question 15

Age groups affected by TMD.

Answer 15

young adults and middle-aged adults.

Question 16

TMD is how much more common in women?

Answer 16

Twice

Question 17

African Americans had a __________ incidence of TMD compared to whites.

Answer 17

Greater

Question 18

Relationship between occlusal characteristics and TMD diagnosis.

Answer 18

UNRELATED

Question 19

Relationship between head position and TMD.

Answer 19

NONE

Question 20

Why can’t we link skeletal abnormalities to the onset of TMD?

Answer 20

Because there’s

Bias
Lack of longitudinal studies
Lack of clinical trials

Question 21

Psycho-physiological characteristics associated with TMD.

Answer 21

STRESS
Distress (Depression/Anxiety)
Parafunction

Question 22

Any non-functional use of the motor system.

Answer 22

Parafunction

Question 23

Examples of parafunction

Answer 23

Grinding
Clenching
Posturing
Holding
Using objects excessively
Musical instruments

Question 24

TMD populations have a high prevalence of this parafunction.

Answer 24

Bruxism

Question 25

Having a higher psychological response to the disease.

Answer 25

Catastrophizing.

Question 26

Strongest predictor of TMD incidence.

Answer 26

Parafunction

Question 27

Risk factors for first-onset TMD.

Answer 27

• Pre-existing pain conditions
• Sleep disturbance
• Cigarette smoking

Question 28

Why is cigarette smoking a risk factor for TMD?

Answer 28

Bc of the pharmacological effect where it lowers the pain threshold, so you feel more pain.

Question 29

Women with this have higher energy densities.

Answer 29

+Disc Displacement