Pharmacology VATI Flashcards
What causes Angina (chest pain)
reduced blood flow to the cardiac muscle
what does antianginal medications prevent
myocardial ischemia
myocardial infarction
death
can ischemia be reversed
yes, if blood flow and oxygen is restored
what happens if ischemia is not reversed
tissue death occurs
when the tissue dies due to ischemia what will this result in?
infarction
what do antianginal medications do?
improve blood flow to myocardium or
decrease oxygen demand and workload of the heart
what are antianginal medications used for
dilate blood vessels to bring more oxygenated blood to the ischemic heart tissue
what are beta blockers used for
reduce HR, BP and the force of contractions
what does decreasing the force of heart contractions do
decreases the amount of oxygen that is required to pump blood
risk factors for coronary heart disease
- high LDL and low HDL
- hypertension
- diabetes
- smoking, obesity
- family history of heart disease
anginal pain symptoms
- tight squeezing
- heavy pressure
- constriction
where can discomfort occur during an anginal attack
- shoulders
- arms
- neck
- jaw
other symptoms relating to coronary heart disease
- nausea/fatigue
- shortness of breathe
- dizziness
- sweating
diagnostic test for heart problems
- cardiac enzymes
- ECG
- chest xray
what medications will be administered for an anginal attack
nitroglycerin
beta blockers
what is deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in a deep vein
what are anticoagulant medications used for
prevent clotting
how can anticoagulants be given
IV
injection
pill form
what is required while taking an anticoagulant
frequent blood test and monitoring to determine clotting time and effectiveness of the med
what occurs when blood does not circulate normally
venous stasis and a clot forms
embolus
when a clot dislodges and travels
what can an embolus cause
pulmonary embolism
stoke
MI
