Medications Affecting the Genitourinary System Flashcards
What do loop diuretics treat
hypertension
edema
-may be used to treat hypercalcemia
What are Loop Diuretics secondarily used for
treat congestive heart failure
-renal insufficiency
What patients are Loop Diuretics effective in
impaired kidney function
Loop Diuretics medications
- furosemide
- torsemide
- bumetanide
- ethacrynic acid
What will occur the first time taking a Loop Diuretics
large diuresis within 1 hour of taking medication
Side effects of Loop Diuretics
- dizziness
- syncope
- postural hypotension
- hypotension
- ototoxicity
- syncope (loss of consciousness)
Electrolyte imbalance that may occur while taking Loop Diuretics
- hypokalemia
- hyponatremia
- hypocalcemia
- hypomagnesemia
What may occur when taking Loop Diuretics with an NSAID and ACE inhibitor
renal failure
What should be monitored when taking Loop Diuretics
potassium level, if it drops the patient will need to start taking potassium supplements
- teach pt to eat high potassium diet
- I&O
- V/S
What should you teach a patient to avoid when taking a Loop Diuretics
orthostatic hypotension (rise slowly)
What signs should you notify the provider when taking Loop Diuretics
- headache
- chest, calf, pelvic pain occur
Types of Thiazide Diuretics
- hydrochlorothiazide
- chlorothiazide
- methylclothiazide
- indapamide
- chlorthalidone
- metolazone
Side effects of Thiazide Diuretics
- loss of appetitie
- upset stomach
- headache, weakness
- blurred vision
- itching
Electrolyte imbalances of Thiazide Diuretics
- hypokalemia
- hyperglycemia
- dehydration
Interactions with Thiazide Diuretics
digoxin can increase the risk of hypokalemia
Reinforced teaching of Thiazide Diuretics
- high potassium diet
- take diuretic first thing in the morning
How does Potassium-Sparing Diuretics differ from loop and thiazide diuretics
does not reduce potassium levels, there is a risk of hyperkalemia
Manifestations of hyperkalemia
- irregular heartbeat
- confusion
- numbness, nervousness
- weakness or heavy feeling in the legs
- breathing problems
- unusual tiredness
Example of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Spironolactone
What are osmotic diuretics
- prevents kidney failure during hypovolemic shock
- decreases ICP
- promotes sodium retention
Side effects of osmotic diuretics
- HF
- kidney failure
