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LVN Program > Drugs Affecting the Digestive System > Flashcards

Drugs Affecting the Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Antacids

A
  • Magnesium hydroxide
  • Sodium bicarbonate
  • Calcium carbonate
  • Aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)
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2
Q

What are antacids used for

A

to treat peptic ulcer disease by promoting healing and relieving pain

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3
Q

What do antacids provide relief of

A

patients w/ Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

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4
Q

What can aluminum and calcium compounds antacids result in

A

constipation

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5
Q

What can magnesium compound cause in antacid

A

diarrhea

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6
Q

What can sodium containing antacid result in

A

fluid retention

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7
Q

What can aluminum hydroxide lead to

A

hypophosphatemia

low phosphate levels

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8
Q

Magnesium compound antacid can lead to

A

toxicity in patients who have renal impairment

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9
Q

Antacid contraindications

A
  • pregnancy

- pt w/ GI perforation or obstruction

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10
Q

In what patients should antacids be used cautiously?

A

patients w/ abdominal pain

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11
Q

What medications interfere w/ antacids

A

warfarin
tetracycline
-it interferes w/ absorption

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12
Q

instructions to give a pt who is taking warfarin and tetracycline with an antacid

A

take the medications 1 hour apart

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13
Q

How to instruct pt to take an antacid

A

chew tablet throughly, then drink 8 oz of water or milk

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14
Q

Why is compliance difficult when taking an antacid

A

it is administered 7 times per day

1 hour before and 3 hours after meals, and again at bedtime

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15
Q

If a patient is taking multiple medications with an antacid, how should you tell them to take them all

A

take all medications at least 1 hour before or after taking the antacid

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16
Q

Antiemetics types of classifications

A
  • serotonin antagonists
  • dopamine antagonists
  • glucocorticoids
  • cannabinoids
  • anticholinergics
  • antihistamines
  • prokinetic agents
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17
Q

What do serotonin antagonists do

A
  • prevent emesis

- prevent emsis related to chemo, radiation, postop recovery

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18
Q

Example of a serotonin antagonists

A

Ondansetron

end in -tron

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19
Q

What medication class ends in -tron

A

serotonin antagonists

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20
Q

What do dopamine antagonists do

A
  • prevents emesis

- prevents emesis related to chemo, opioids, postop recovery

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21
Q

Example of dopamine antagonists medication

A

Metoclopramide

22
Q

What does cannabinoids do

A

control chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

23
Q

Example of cannabinoids medication

A

Dronabinol

24
Q

What do anticholinergics do

A
  • interfere w/ transmission of nerve impulses traveling to the vomiting center in the brain
  • treats motion sickness
25
Q

Example of anticholinergics

A

Scopolamine

26
Q

What do antihistamines do

A

-treats motion sickness

27
Q

Examples of antihistamine medications

A

Dimenhydrinate

ends in -ine

28
Q

What are prokinetic agents used for

A
  • increases GI motility
  • controls postop and chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting
  • treats GERD
  • treats diabetes gastroparesis
29
Q

Side effects of antiemetics

A
  • headache, dizziness
  • diarrhea
  • hypotension, tachycardia
  • sedation
30
Q

What are anticholinergic side effects of antiemetics

A
  • dry mouth
  • urinary retention
  • constipation
31
Q

What are extrapyramidal symptoms of antiemetics

A
  • restlessness
  • anxiety
  • spasms of face and neck
32
Q

Contraindication of dopamine antagonists

A

use in caution of older adults and children due to extrapyramidal side effects

  • urinary retention
  • asthma
  • narrow-angle glaucoma
33
Q

Contraindications of prokinetic agents

A

use in caution of older adults and children due to extrapyramidal side effects

34
Q

Antihistamine contraindications

A
  • urinary retention/obstruction
  • asthma
  • narrow angle glaucoma
35
Q

Anticholinergic contraindications

A
  • urinary retention/obstruction
  • asthma
  • narrow angle glaucoma
36
Q

What medication has a high risk of seizures

A

Metoclopramide

37
Q

What happens when antihypertensives are used with antiemetics

A

intensify hypotensive effects

38
Q

When are antiemetic medications most effective

A

in use of prevention, not treatment of nausea/vomiting

39
Q

What are histamine-2 (H-2) receptor antagonists

A
  • prescribed for gastric and peptic ulcers
  • GERD
  • used in conjunction w/ antibiotics to treat H. pylori
40
Q

H-2 receptor antagonists examples

A

ranitidine hydrochloride
cimetidine
famotidine
(end in -dine)

41
Q

What medications end in (-dine)

A

(H-2) Receptor Antagonists

42
Q

(H-2) Receptor Antagonists side effects

A
  • lethargy
  • depression
  • confusion
  • decrease in libido and impotence
  • CNS effects
43
Q

H-2) Receptor Antagonists interactions

A

warfarin
phenytoin
antacids

44
Q

H-2) Receptor Antagonists contraindications

A
  • pregnancy
  • older adults
  • pt who are high risk of pneumonia
45
Q

How many meals should a pt taking (H-2) Receptor Antagonists have

A

6 small meals

46
Q

What should you promote for a pt taking (H-2) Receptor Antagonists

A

adequate rest and reduction of stress

  • avoid smoking
  • stop drinking
47
Q

What medications should a pt taking (H-2) Receptor Antagonists avoid

A

NSAIDs

48
Q

What do proton pump inhibitors do

A
  • reduce gastric acid secretions

- used for gastric and peptic ulcers

49
Q

Proton pump inhibitor medications

A

-omeprazole
-rabeprazole sodium
(ends in -zole)

50
Q

What medication classification ends in (-zole)

A

proton pump inhibitors

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