Drugs Affecting the Digestive System Flashcards
Types of Antacids
- Magnesium hydroxide
- Sodium bicarbonate
- Calcium carbonate
- Aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)
What are antacids used for
to treat peptic ulcer disease by promoting healing and relieving pain
What do antacids provide relief of
patients w/ Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
What can aluminum and calcium compounds antacids result in
constipation
What can magnesium compound cause in antacid
diarrhea
What can sodium containing antacid result in
fluid retention
What can aluminum hydroxide lead to
hypophosphatemia
low phosphate levels
Magnesium compound antacid can lead to
toxicity in patients who have renal impairment
Antacid contraindications
- pregnancy
- pt w/ GI perforation or obstruction
In what patients should antacids be used cautiously?
patients w/ abdominal pain
What medications interfere w/ antacids
warfarin
tetracycline
-it interferes w/ absorption
instructions to give a pt who is taking warfarin and tetracycline with an antacid
take the medications 1 hour apart
How to instruct pt to take an antacid
chew tablet throughly, then drink 8 oz of water or milk
Why is compliance difficult when taking an antacid
it is administered 7 times per day
1 hour before and 3 hours after meals, and again at bedtime
If a patient is taking multiple medications with an antacid, how should you tell them to take them all
take all medications at least 1 hour before or after taking the antacid
Antiemetics types of classifications
- serotonin antagonists
- dopamine antagonists
- glucocorticoids
- cannabinoids
- anticholinergics
- antihistamines
- prokinetic agents
What do serotonin antagonists do
- prevent emesis
- prevent emsis related to chemo, radiation, postop recovery
Example of a serotonin antagonists
Ondansetron
end in -tron
What medication class ends in -tron
serotonin antagonists
What do dopamine antagonists do
- prevents emesis
- prevents emesis related to chemo, opioids, postop recovery
Example of dopamine antagonists medication
Metoclopramide
What does cannabinoids do
control chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
Example of cannabinoids medication
Dronabinol
What do anticholinergics do
- interfere w/ transmission of nerve impulses traveling to the vomiting center in the brain
- treats motion sickness
Example of anticholinergics
Scopolamine
What do antihistamines do
-treats motion sickness
Examples of antihistamine medications
Dimenhydrinate
ends in -ine
What are prokinetic agents used for
- increases GI motility
- controls postop and chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting
- treats GERD
- treats diabetes gastroparesis
Side effects of antiemetics
- headache, dizziness
- diarrhea
- hypotension, tachycardia
- sedation
What are anticholinergic side effects of antiemetics
- dry mouth
- urinary retention
- constipation
What are extrapyramidal symptoms of antiemetics
- restlessness
- anxiety
- spasms of face and neck
Contraindication of dopamine antagonists
use in caution of older adults and children due to extrapyramidal side effects
- urinary retention
- asthma
- narrow-angle glaucoma
Contraindications of prokinetic agents
use in caution of older adults and children due to extrapyramidal side effects
Antihistamine contraindications
- urinary retention/obstruction
- asthma
- narrow angle glaucoma
Anticholinergic contraindications
- urinary retention/obstruction
- asthma
- narrow angle glaucoma
What medication has a high risk of seizures
Metoclopramide
What happens when antihypertensives are used with antiemetics
intensify hypotensive effects
When are antiemetic medications most effective
in use of prevention, not treatment of nausea/vomiting
What are histamine-2 (H-2) receptor antagonists
- prescribed for gastric and peptic ulcers
- GERD
- used in conjunction w/ antibiotics to treat H. pylori
H-2 receptor antagonists examples
ranitidine hydrochloride
cimetidine
famotidine
(end in -dine)
What medications end in (-dine)
(H-2) Receptor Antagonists
(H-2) Receptor Antagonists side effects
- lethargy
- depression
- confusion
- decrease in libido and impotence
- CNS effects
H-2) Receptor Antagonists interactions
warfarin
phenytoin
antacids
H-2) Receptor Antagonists contraindications
- pregnancy
- older adults
- pt who are high risk of pneumonia
How many meals should a pt taking (H-2) Receptor Antagonists have
6 small meals
What should you promote for a pt taking (H-2) Receptor Antagonists
adequate rest and reduction of stress
- avoid smoking
- stop drinking
What medications should a pt taking (H-2) Receptor Antagonists avoid
NSAIDs
What do proton pump inhibitors do
- reduce gastric acid secretions
- used for gastric and peptic ulcers
Proton pump inhibitor medications
-omeprazole
-rabeprazole sodium
(ends in -zole)
What medication classification ends in (-zole)
proton pump inhibitors
