Medications Affecting the Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Indications of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

Answer 1

• hypertension
• HF
• help diabetics prevent kidney problems

Question 2

What does ACE inhibitors act as

Answer 2

vasodilator

Question 3

ACE inhibitors examples

Answer 3

-enalapril
-lisinopril
-captopril
(ends in -pril)

Question 4

What medication ends in (-pril)

Answer 4

ACE inhibitors

Question 5

What should ACE inhibitors be monitored for

Answer 5

• hypotension
• cough
• edema
• increased BUN

Question 6

What are antithrombotic agents for

Answer 6

• decreases coagulability (capable of forming clots)

- prevents formation of new clots

Question 7

What will antithrombotic agents do to existing clots

Answer 7

keep existing clots from growing larger

Question 8

What does antithrombotic agents not do

Answer 8

dissolve existing clots

Question 9

What is a contraindication of antithrombotic agents

Answer 9

active bleeding

Question 10

What does Heparin do

Answer 10

-prevents blood clots
-stops the growth of clots that have already formed
(does not decrease clot that has already formed

Question 11

What is the antidote of Heparin

Answer 11

Protamine Sulfate

Question 12

How is Heparin administered

Answer 12

• subQ or IV

- used in small amounts to prevent blood clots from forming in catheters

Question 13

How often to give Heparin

Answer 13

subQ every 12 hr

-continuous or intermittent IV infusion

Question 14

What should be monitored when giving Heparin

Answer 14

APTT every 4-6 hour until appropriate dose is determined, then monitor daily

Question 15

What does PT (prothrombin time) test measure

Answer 15

how much warfarin (coumadin) a person has in there system

Question 16

What does Warfarin interfere with

Answer 16

vitamin K dependent coagulation factors

Question 17

Difference from Warfarin and Heparin

Answer 17

Warfarin action is more prolonged then heparin

Question 18

Administration teaching for Warfarin

Answer 18

Take this medication the same time each day

Question 19

What lab test does Warfarin affect

Answer 19

PT/INR values

Question 20

What are antiplatelet agents for

Answer 20

stops platelets from sticking together and forming a clot

Question 21

What are antiplatelet agents contraindications for

Answer 21

person who has an active bleeding

Question 22

What should be monitored when taking antiplatelet agents

Answer 22

bleeding

Question 23

Types of antiplatelet agents medications

Answer 23

• Aspirin.
• Clopidogrel
• Ticlopidine
• Abciximab
• Tirofiban

Question 24

What are Thrombolytics

Answer 24

dissolves thrombi (blood clot) in the coronary arteries and restores myocardial blood flow during first 6 hours of a MI

Question 25

Thrombolytics contraindications

Answer 25

- active bleeding - hypertension - pregnancy - recent stroke, surgery, trauma

Question 26

Types of Thrombolytics medications

Answer 26

-reteokase -activase -tenecteplase (ends in -ase)

Question 27

What medication class ends in (-ase)

Answer 27

Thrombolytics

Question 28

What are Antidysrhythmics for

Answer 28

abnormal electrical activity of the heart | -atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias

Question 29

What should be monitored when a pt is taking Antidysrhythmics

Answer 29

-HR and rhythm

Question 30

Types of Antidysrhythmics medications

Answer 30

- amiodarone - lidocaine - quinidine - procainamide

Question 31

What do Statins do

Answer 31

lower cholesterol by blocking enzymes that are essential to the production of cholesterol in the body

Question 32

Rare reactions of Statins

Answer 32

- myositis, myopathy | - potential of rhabdomyolysis (breakdown of skeletal muscle) leading to kidney failure

Question 33

Examples of Statins

Answer 33

-Niacin -Questran -Gemfibrozil -lovastatin -atorvastatin -atorvastatin (ends in -statin)

Question 34

Purpose of Beta Blockers

Answer 34

- hypertension - angina - postmyocardial infarction

Question 35

In patients w/ Mi Beta Blockers decreases

Answer 35

- size of infarction - ventricular dysrhythmias - mortality rates

Question 36

What do Beta Blockers do to the heart

Answer 36

slows the HR and decrease BP

Question 37

What should be assessed before administering Beta Blockers

Answer 37

Apical pulse, if <60/min hold and notify the provider

Question 38

Beta Blockers adverse effects

Answer 38

- fatigue - lethargy - wheezing - dyspnea - HF - impotence

Question 39

Contraindications of Beta Blockers

Answer 39

bronchial asthma

Question 40

Examples of Beta Blockers

Answer 40

-metroprolol -atenolol -carvedilol -propranolol (ends in -olol)

Question 41

What medication ends in (-olol)

Answer 41

Beta Blockers

Question 42

What does Calcium Channel Blockers cause

Answer 42

dilation of peripheral and coronary arteries

Question 43

What do Calcium Channel Blockers do

Answer 43

enhances vasodilation and lowers BP | -decreases afterload

Question 44

Calcium Channel Blockers indications

Answer 44

- angina - hypertension - dysrhythmias

Question 45

What should be monitored when giving a Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 45

- HR and rhythm | - BP

Question 46

Calcium Channel Blockers examples

Answer 46

- Diltiazem - Verapamil - Nifedipine

Question 47

What are (Positive) Inotropic Agents

Answer 47

increases force of myocardial contraction

Question 48

What do (Positive) Inotropic Agents do

Answer 48

makes heartbeat slower, regular, and more powerful

Question 49

Results of (Positive) Inotropic Agents

Answer 49

increased cardiac output | increased blood flow to the kidneys

Question 50

What has (Positive) Inotropic characteristics but is classified as a Cardiac Glycoside

Answer 50

Digoxin

Question 51

Digoxin toxicity adverse effects

Answer 51

- anorexia - nausea, vomiting - visual disturbances - lethargy - bradycardia - heart block - tachydysrhythmias

Question 52

What should be assessed before administering digoxin

Answer 52

apical HR for 1 full min

Question 53

What is the normal Digoxin level

Answer 53

0.8 to 2.0 ng/mL

Question 54

What should be monitored when administering digoxin

Answer 54

potassium levels

Question 55

What if a patient has hypokalemia when taking digoxin

Answer 55

they become dig-toxic, they NEED to eat foods high in potassium

Question 56

What medication should you watch for toxicity while taking digoxin

Answer 56

Lasix with digoxin

Question 57

What does Dobutamine do

Answer 57

- increased HR - increased myocardial contractility - increased rate of conduction through the AV node

Question 58

What does Dopamine do

Answer 58

- comlement inotropic action of digoxin - increases rate and force of heart muscle contraction - at low doses, increases blood flow to the kidneys

Question 59

What does Epinephrine do

Answer 59

-stimulates alpha, beta q and beta 2 receptors which causes cardiac stimulation, bronchodilation, decongestion

Question 60

What do Nitrates do

Answer 60

increases coronary blood flow by dilating coronary arteries and improving blood flow to ischemic regions of the heart

Question 61

Ways to administer Nitrates

Answer 61

- sublingual (SL) - IV - oral (PO) - transdermal (TD)

Question 62

What does Nitrates treat

Answer 62

- angina - hypertension - MI - congestive HF (CHF)

Question 63

How to instruct a patient to take Nitrates (nitroglycerin) for acute anginal attacks

Answer 63

-instruct pt to lie down -immediately place under tongue to dissolve. – Repeat at 5-min intervals. – If pain is not relieved by the first tablet, call 911, then take the second tablet. – After 5 more min, take a third tablet if pain is still not relieved. -Do not take more than three sublingual tablets.

Question 64

Side effects of Nitrates

Answer 64

- headaches | - hypotension