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LVN Program > Medications Affecting the Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Medications Affecting the Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Indications of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

A
  • hypertension
  • HF
  • help diabetics prevent kidney problems
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2
Q

What does ACE inhibitors act as

A

vasodilator

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3
Q

ACE inhibitors examples

A

-enalapril
-lisinopril
-captopril
(ends in -pril)

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4
Q

What medication ends in (-pril)

A

ACE inhibitors

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5
Q

What should ACE inhibitors be monitored for

A
  • hypotension
  • cough
  • edema
  • increased BUN
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6
Q

What are antithrombotic agents for

A
  • decreases coagulability (capable of forming clots)

- prevents formation of new clots

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7
Q

What will antithrombotic agents do to existing clots

A

keep existing clots from growing larger

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8
Q

What does antithrombotic agents not do

A

dissolve existing clots

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9
Q

What is a contraindication of antithrombotic agents

A

active bleeding

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10
Q

What does Heparin do

A

-prevents blood clots
-stops the growth of clots that have already formed
(does not decrease clot that has already formed

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11
Q

What is the antidote of Heparin

A

Protamine Sulfate

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12
Q

How is Heparin administered

A
  • subQ or IV

- used in small amounts to prevent blood clots from forming in catheters

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13
Q

How often to give Heparin

A

subQ every 12 hr

-continuous or intermittent IV infusion

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14
Q

What should be monitored when giving Heparin

A

APTT every 4-6 hour until appropriate dose is determined, then monitor daily

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15
Q

What does PT (prothrombin time) test measure

A

how much warfarin (coumadin) a person has in there system

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16
Q

What does Warfarin interfere with

A

vitamin K dependent coagulation factors

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17
Q

Difference from Warfarin and Heparin

A

Warfarin action is more prolonged then heparin

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18
Q

Administration teaching for Warfarin

A

Take this medication the same time each day

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19
Q

What lab test does Warfarin affect

A

PT/INR values

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20
Q

What are antiplatelet agents for

A

stops platelets from sticking together and forming a clot

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21
Q

What are antiplatelet agents contraindications for

A

person who has an active bleeding

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22
Q

What should be monitored when taking antiplatelet agents

A

bleeding

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23
Q

Types of antiplatelet agents medications

A
  • Aspirin.
  • Clopidogrel
  • Ticlopidine
  • Abciximab
  • Tirofiban
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24
Q

What are Thrombolytics

A

dissolves thrombi (blood clot) in the coronary arteries and restores myocardial blood flow during first 6 hours of a MI

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25
Q

Thrombolytics contraindications

A
  • active bleeding
  • hypertension
  • pregnancy
  • recent stroke, surgery, trauma
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26
Q

Types of Thrombolytics medications

A

-reteokase
-activase
-tenecteplase
(ends in -ase)

27
Q

What medication class ends in (-ase)

A

Thrombolytics

28
Q

What are Antidysrhythmics for

A

abnormal electrical activity of the heart

-atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias

29
Q

What should be monitored when a pt is taking Antidysrhythmics

A

-HR and rhythm

30
Q

Types of Antidysrhythmics medications

A
  • amiodarone
  • lidocaine
  • quinidine
  • procainamide
31
Q

What do Statins do

A

lower cholesterol by blocking enzymes that are essential to the production of cholesterol in the body

32
Q

Rare reactions of Statins

A
  • myositis, myopathy

- potential of rhabdomyolysis (breakdown of skeletal muscle) leading to kidney failure

33
Q

Examples of Statins

A

-Niacin
-Questran
-Gemfibrozil
-lovastatin
-atorvastatin
-atorvastatin
(ends in -statin)

34
Q

Purpose of Beta Blockers

A
  • hypertension
  • angina
  • postmyocardial infarction
35
Q

In patients w/ Mi Beta Blockers decreases

A
  • size of infarction
  • ventricular dysrhythmias
  • mortality rates
36
Q

What do Beta Blockers do to the heart

A

slows the HR and decrease BP

37
Q

What should be assessed before administering Beta Blockers

A

Apical pulse, if <60/min hold and notify the provider

38
Q

Beta Blockers adverse effects

A
  • fatigue
  • lethargy
  • wheezing
  • dyspnea
  • HF
  • impotence
39
Q

Contraindications of Beta Blockers

A

bronchial asthma

40
Q

Examples of Beta Blockers

A

-metroprolol
-atenolol
-carvedilol
-propranolol
(ends in -olol)

41
Q

What medication ends in (-olol)

A

Beta Blockers

42
Q

What does Calcium Channel Blockers cause

A

dilation of peripheral and coronary arteries

43
Q

What do Calcium Channel Blockers do

A

enhances vasodilation and lowers BP

-decreases afterload

44
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers indications

A
  • angina
  • hypertension
  • dysrhythmias
45
Q

What should be monitored when giving a Calcium Channel Blockers

A
  • HR and rhythm

- BP

46
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers examples

A
  • Diltiazem
  • Verapamil
  • Nifedipine
47
Q

What are (Positive) Inotropic Agents

A

increases force of myocardial contraction

48
Q

What do (Positive) Inotropic Agents do

A

makes heartbeat slower, regular, and more powerful

49
Q

Results of (Positive) Inotropic Agents

A

increased cardiac output

increased blood flow to the kidneys

50
Q

What has (Positive) Inotropic characteristics but is classified as a Cardiac Glycoside

A

Digoxin

51
Q

Digoxin toxicity adverse effects

A
  • anorexia
  • nausea, vomiting
  • visual disturbances
  • lethargy
  • bradycardia
  • heart block
  • tachydysrhythmias
52
Q

What should be assessed before administering digoxin

A

apical HR for 1 full min

53
Q

What is the normal Digoxin level

A

0.8 to 2.0 ng/mL

54
Q

What should be monitored when administering digoxin

A

potassium levels

55
Q

What if a patient has hypokalemia when taking digoxin

A

they become dig-toxic, they NEED to eat foods high in potassium

56
Q

What medication should you watch for toxicity while taking digoxin

A

Lasix with digoxin

57
Q

What does Dobutamine do

A
  • increased HR
  • increased myocardial contractility
  • increased rate of conduction through the AV node
58
Q

What does Dopamine do

A
  • comlement inotropic action of digoxin
  • increases rate and force of heart muscle contraction
  • at low doses, increases blood flow to the kidneys
59
Q

What does Epinephrine do

A

-stimulates alpha, beta q and beta 2 receptors which causes cardiac stimulation, bronchodilation, decongestion

60
Q

What do Nitrates do

A

increases coronary blood flow by dilating coronary arteries and improving blood flow to ischemic regions of the heart

61
Q

Ways to administer Nitrates

A
  • sublingual (SL)
  • IV
  • oral (PO)
  • transdermal (TD)
62
Q

What does Nitrates treat

A
  • angina
  • hypertension
  • MI
  • congestive HF (CHF)
63
Q

How to instruct a patient to take Nitrates (nitroglycerin) for acute anginal attacks

A

-instruct pt to lie down
-immediately place under tongue to dissolve.
– Repeat at 5-min intervals.
– If pain is not relieved by the first tablet, call 911, then take the second tablet.
– After 5 more min, take a third tablet if pain is still not relieved.
-Do not take more than three sublingual tablets.

64
Q

Side effects of Nitrates

A
  • headaches

- hypotension

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