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LVN Program > Pharmacology CMS > Flashcards

Pharmacology CMS Flashcards

1
Q

nursing intervention to do when removing nitroglycerin ointment

A

remove prior dose before applying the new one

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2
Q

after measuring nitroglycerin ointment dose with the applicator paper, how many inch should you spread it over the paper

A

2.5-3.5 inches

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3
Q

What should you avoid doing when apply nitroglycerin ointment

A

avoid touching the ointment with your hands

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4
Q

Where should you apply the nitroglycerin ointment

A

clean, hairless area over the body, then cover w/ a clear plastic wrap

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5
Q

how do you administer enteric-coated medication

A

swallowed whole, NEVER CRUSH IT!

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6
Q

What is Rifampin for?

A

Antibiotic to treat TB given in combination with another antituberculosis med to help prevent antibiotic resistance

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7
Q

What are complications of Rifampin?

A
  • Orange color of the urine, saliva, sweat, or tears

- Jaundice, fatigue, mild abdominal discomfort (anorexia)

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8
Q

How should you administer Rifampin?

A

1 hour before or 2 hours after meal with a full glass of water

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9
Q

Contraindications for Rifampin?

A
  • Pregnancy/lactation

- Liver dysfunction

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10
Q

What should be monitored when taking Rifampin?

A
  • Liver function

- PT/INR

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11
Q

Patient education when taking Rifampin?

A
  • Avoid alcohol
  • Monitor for anorexia, fatigue, and malaise
  • When taken with food it decreases the absorption of the medication
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12
Q

What happens when Rifampin interacts with an HIV medication?

A

The HIV medication dose increases

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13
Q

How will you know Rifampin was effective?

A
  • Clear breath sounds
  • No night sweats
  • Increased appetite, decreased temp
  • 3 negative cultures for TB
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14
Q

How will you administer multiple medications through an enteral feeding tube

A

Administer each medication separately, do not mix the medications with enteral feeding

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15
Q

How to crush medications through an enteral feeding tube

A

Dissolve crushed medications in 15 to 30 ml of sterile water priority tp administration via enteral feeding tube

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16
Q

How to prevent clogging with an enteral feeding tube

A

Flush the tube before/after each medication with 15 to 30 ml of warm sterile water

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17
Q

What to do after administering ALL medications through enteral feeding tube

A

Flush with another 30 ml of warm sterile water

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18
Q

What is Enoxaparin

A

An anticoagulant, used to treat/prevent DVT and pulmonary embolism

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19
Q

What should you not do when drawing Enoxaparin in a syringe

A

Do not expel the air bubbles unless dose adjustment needs to be made

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20
Q

If Enoxaparin prefilled syringe is not available, what size gauge should you use to withdraw the medication?

A

20-22

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21
Q

After withdrawing Enoxaparin medication you should then change to what size needle to inject?

A

25-26, ½-⅝ long

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22
Q

Where should you administer Enoxaparin subcutaneously

A

In the abdomen, two inches from the umbilicus, do not aspirate and you should always rotate sites

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23
Q

What should be monitored when administering Enoxaparin subcutaneously

A
  • Bleeding
  • Bruising
  • Abdominal pain
  • Coffee ground emesis
  • Tarry stool
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24
Q

What should be avoided when taking Enoxaparin

A
  • NSAIDs
  • Aspirin
  • Anything containing salicylates
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25
Q

How to shave a patient taking Enoxaparin

A

Use an electric razor

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26
Q

What toothbrush should a patient taking Enoxaparin use

A

Soft-bristled toothbrush

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27
Q

What is levothyroxine used for

A

Hypothyroidism

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28
Q

What are complications of Levothyroxine

A
  • Tachycardia, chest pain, nervousness, palpitations
  • Anxiety, tremors
  • Fever, diaphoresis, weight loss
  • Abdominal cramping
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29
Q

What is a contraindication when taking Levothyroxine

A

Myocardial infarction

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30
Q

What reduces the absorption of Levothyroxine

A

Binding agents

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31
Q

What should be used cautiously when interacting with Levothyroxine

A

Catecholamines (neurotransmitter)

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32
Q

What increases the risk of hypoglycemia in a patient taking Glyburide

A

Concurrent use of insulin, glipizide, glimepiride with Glyburide

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33
Q

What can taking Glyburide cause

A

Hypoglycemia

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34
Q

How should you store nitroglycerin tablets

A

Original bottle, in a cool dark place

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35
Q

What is Fexofenadine for

A

Seasonal allergies such as rhinitis, motion sickness, anaphylaxis, insomnia

(blocks histamine)

36
Q

What are side effects of Fexofenadine

A
  • GI discomfort (constipation)
  • Tachycardia
  • Sedation, dry mouth
  • Urinary retention, pupil dilation
37
Q

What is a contraindication for Fexofenadine

A

Pregnancy

38
Q

What are negative interactions with Fexofenadine

A

CNS depression, therefore avoid alcohol

39
Q

What is a nursing intervention of fexofenadine

A

Be aware of sedating effects and instruct the patient to avoid driving

40
Q

When should the patient take Fexofenadine

A

At night to decrease daytime side effects

41
Q

How should a patient treat the negative side effect of dry mouth when taking Fexofenadine

A

Suck on sugarless candy

42
Q

Patient education about fluids in a patient taking Fexofenadine

A

Take sips of water and maintain 2 to 3 liters of water a day

43
Q

How will you know Fexofenadine was effective

A
  • Relief of motion sickness (decreased nausea, vomiting)

- Improvement of allergic reaction (absence of urticaria, rhinitis)

44
Q

What is Prednisone

A

A steroid

45
Q

What is Prednisone for

A
  • Prevents inflammation

- Reduction in airway mucosal edema

46
Q

What can happen if prednisone is administer for more than 10 days

A
  • Adrenal glands become suppressed
  • Bone loss, infection
  • Myopathy, peptic ulcer disease
  • Hyperglycemia, glycosuria (reduced glucose in urine)
  • Increased appetite, weight gain
47
Q

How long is Prednisone used for

A

Short term use

48
Q

What should be monitored when taking prednisone

A

Blood glucose, the dose should be tapered when weaning off of the medication

49
Q

What should be administered with prednisone

A

Food such as an increase with calcium and vitamin D

50
Q

What should the patient report if they experience when taking prednisone

A
  • Muscle weakness

- They should perform weight-bearing exercises

51
Q

What are S/S of aspirin toxicity

A

Tinnitus and hearing loss

52
Q

What can increase the absorption of aspirin

A

Caffeine

53
Q

When a patient is taking aspirin when will they be able to take an NSAID

A

2 hours after taking the aspirin

54
Q

What is a contraindication of taking aspirin

A
  • Feverfew
  • Garlic, ginger, glucosamine
  • Ginkgo biloba
  • Saw Palmetto

THESE ALL INCREASE THE RISK OF BLEEDING W/ ASPIRIN

55
Q

What can happen when taking a corticosteroid with Aspirin

A
  • Increase aspirin excretion
  • Decrease the aspirin’s effect
  • Increase GI bleeding
56
Q

What are complications when taking acetaminophen

A
  • Liver damage
  • Sweating, coma, death
  • Abdominal discomfort (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
57
Q

Contraindications when taking acetaminophen

A
  • Liver, kidney impairment
  • Chronic alcohol use disorder
  • Malnutrition
58
Q

What is the dose that should not be exceeded in a day when taking acetaminophen

A
  • 4 grams
  • 3 grams for malnourished patient
  • 2 grams for alcohol use
59
Q

What is diphenhydramine used for

A

Cough suppression, seasonal allergys

60
Q

Contraindication when taking diphenhydramine

A

Lactation

61
Q

How will you know that diphenhydramine was effective

A
  • Improvement of allergic reaction (rhinitis, urticaria)

- Relief of cough nausea and vomiting

62
Q

What to watch for when taking diphenhydramine

A
  • Sedating effects
  • Do not drink

(Same as fexofenadine)

63
Q

Adverse effects of diuretics

A
  • Dehydration
  • Hypotension
  • Hyponatremia (decreased sodium)
  • Hypokalemia (decreased calcium)
  • Hypochloremia (decreased chloride)
  • Hypomagnesemia (decreased magnesium)
  • Hyperglycemia (increased glucose)
  • Hyperuricemia (increased uric acid)
  • Increase LDL levels
  • Hirsutism (excessive growth of dark hair)
  • Ototoxicity
64
Q

What is captopril

A

ACE inhibitor

65
Q

What does captopril treat

A
  • Hypertension

- HF, MI

66
Q

Complications of captopril

A
  • Hypotension
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Neutropenia
  • Angioedema, rash, dysgeusia (altered taste)
  • First dose orthostatic hypotension, cough
67
Q

Contraindications for captopril

A

Pregnancy, lactation

68
Q

What to monitor for when taking captopril

A

Blood pressure after first dose for 2 hours for hypotension

69
Q

When should you take captopril with food

A

One hour before meals

70
Q

When should the patient notify the provider when taking captopril

A

Development of cough, rash, dysgeusia

71
Q

What should the patient do when taking captopril

A

Rise slowly when sitting

72
Q

What activities should be avoided when a patient is taking captopril

A

Activities that require alertness until the effects of captopril are known

73
Q

What medication is a contraindication for hypertension

A

-Decongestants such as phenylephrine,

Ephedrine

Naphazoline

Pseudoephedrine

-Antihistamines which end in -INE plus dimenhydrinate

74
Q

What is Furosemide

A

Diuretic

75
Q

What does furosemide treat

A

Fluid retention and swelling caused by heart failure, kidney/liver disease, hypertension

76
Q

Contraindication for furosemide

A
  • Pregnancy, lactation

- Auria (no urine output)

77
Q

Complications of Furosemide

A
  • Dehydration
  • Hyponatremia, hypotension, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hypochloremia
  • Hyperglycemia, ototoxicity
78
Q

What can occur if hypokalemia occurs in a patient taking Furosemide

A

Digoxin toxicity

79
Q

When taking furosemide with lithium carbonate what can happen

A

Increased lithium carbonate

80
Q

What happens when you take furosemide with an NSAID

A

Decreases blood flow to the kidney

81
Q

When should you notify the provider and a patient taking Furosemide

A

Chest pain, calf pain, pelvic pain occurs

82
Q

What should you monitor for in a patient taking Furosemide

A

Dehydration, lightheadedness, dizziness (postural hypotension)

83
Q

What medication should be avoided in a patient taking Furosemide

A

Ototoxicity medication such as gentamicin

84
Q

What should a patient notify the provider that has occurred when taking Furosemide

A

Tinnitus

85
Q

What should a patient monitor when taking Furosemide

A

Blood glucose

86
Q

What are signs of hypokalemia that should be reported in a patient taking Furosemide

A
  • Nausea, vomiting, fatigue

- Leg cramps, weakness

87
Q

How will you know furosemide has been effective

A
  • Decrease in edema
  • Decrease in blood pressure
  • Weight loss
  • Decreased calcium level
  • Increase in urine output

LVN Program (9 decks)

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