pharmacology: side effects

Question 1

coronary vasospasm

Answer 1

cocaine, sumatriptan, ergot alkaloids

Question 2

cutaneous flushing

Answer 2

vancomycin, adenosine, nicacin, Ca channel blockers, echinocandina

Question 3

dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 3

anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin)

Question 4

torsades de pointes

Answer 4

antiarrhthmics (IA, III), antibiotics (macrolides), antipsychotics (haloperidol), antidepressants (TCAs), antiemetics (ondansetron)

Question 5

adrenocortical insufficiency

Answer 5

HPA suppression secondary to glucocorticoid withdrawal

Question 6

hot flashes

Answer 6

tamoxifen and clomiphene

Question 7

hyperglycemia

Answer 7

tacrolimus, protease inhibitors, niacin, HCTZ, corticosteroids

Question 8

hypothyroidism

Answer 8

lithium, amiodarone, sulfonamides

Question 9

gynecomastia

Answer 9

spironolactone, digoxin, estrogens, cimetidine, chronic alcohol, ketoconazole, marijuana

Question 10

acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice

Answer 10

erythromycin

Question 11

diarrhea

Answer 11

acamprosate, acarbose, cholinesterase inhibitors, colchicine, erythromycin, ezetimibe, metformin, misoprostol, orlistat, pramlintide, quinidine, SSRIs

Question 12

focal to massive hepatic necrosis

Answer 12

halothane, amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom), valproic acid, acetaminophen

Question 13

hepatitis

Answer 13

rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, statins, fibrates

Question 14

pancreatitis

Answer 14

didanosine, corticosteroids, alcohol, valproic acid, azathioprine, diuretics (furosemide, HCTZ)

Question 15

pill-induced esophagitis

Answer 15

tetracyclines, bisphosphonates, potassium chloride

Question 16

pseudomembranous colitis

Answer 16

clindamycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins

Question 17

agranulocytosis

Answer 17

clozapine, carbamazepine, propylthiouracil, methimazole, colchicine, ganciclovir

Question 18

aplastic anemia

Answer 18

carbamazepine, methimazole, NSAIDs, benzene, chloramphenicol propylthiouracil

Question 19

direct coombs-positive hemolytic anemia

Answer 19

methyldopa, penicillin

Question 20

gray baby syndrome

Answer 20

chloramphenicol

Question 21

hemolysis in G6PD deficiency

Answer 21

isoniazid, sulfonamides, depsone, primaquine, aspirin, ibuprofen,, nitrofurantoin

Question 22

megaloblastic anemia

Answer 22

phenytoin, methotrexate, sulfa drugs

Question 23

thrombocytopenia

Answer 23

heparin

Question 24

thrombotic complications

Answer 24

OCPs, hormone replacement therapy

Question 25

fat redistribution

Answer 25

protease inhibitors, glucocorticoids

Question 26

gingival hyperplasia

Answer 26

phenytoin, Ca channel blockers, cyclosporine

Question 27

hyperuricemia (gout)

Answer 27

pyrazinamide, thiazides, furosemide, niacin, cyclosporine

Question 28

myopathy

Answer 28

fibrates, niacin, colchicine, hydroxycholoroquine, interferon-alpha, penicillamine, statins, glucocorticoids

Question 29

osteoporosis

Answer 29

corticosteroids, heparin

Question 30

photosensitivity

Answer 30

sulfonamides, amiodarone, tetracyclines, 5-FU

Question 31

rash (SJS)

Answer 31

anti-eplileptics (esp lamotrigine), allopurinol, sulfa drugs, penicillin

Question 32

SLE-like syndrome

Answer 32

sulfa drugs, hydralazine, isoniazid, procainamide, phenytoin, etanercept

Question 33

teeth discoloration

Answer 33

tetracyclines

Question 34

tendonitis/cartilage damage

Answer 34

fluoroquinolones

Question 35

cinchonism

Answer 35

quinidine, quinine

Question 36

parkinson-like syndrome

Answer 36

antipsychotics, reserpine, metoclopramide

Question 37

seizures

Answer 37

isoniazid (vit B6 deficiency) cupropion, imipenem/cilastatin, tramadol, enflurane

Question 38

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 38

antipsychotics, metoclopramide

Question 39

diabetes insipidus

Answer 39

lithiu, demeclocycline

Question 40

fanconi syndrome

Answer 40

tenofovir, ifosfamide

Question 41

hemorrhage cystitis

Answer 41

cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide

Question 42

internstitial nephritis

Answer 42

methicillin, NSAIDs, furosemide

Question 43

SIADH

Answer 43

carbamazepine, cyclophosphamide, SSRIs

Question 44

dry cough

Answer 44

ACE inhibitors

Question 45

pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 45

methotrexate, nitrofurantoin, carmustine, bleomycin, busulfan, amiodarone

Question 46

antimuscarinic

Answer 46

atropine, TCAs, H1 blockers, antipsychotics

Question 47

disulfiram-like reaction

Answer 47

metronidazole, certain cephalosporins, griseofulvin, procarbazine, 1st generation sulfonureas

Question 48

nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity

Answer 48

aminoglycosides, vancomycin, loop diuretics, cisplatin

Question 49

cytochrome P-450 inducers

Answer 49

``` Guinness, Corona, and PBRS induce chronic alcoholism Griseofulvin Carbamazepine Phenytoin B Rifampin St John's wort ```

Question 50

cytochrome P-450 substrates

Answer 50

anti-epileptics, theophylline, warfarin, OCPs

Question 51

cytochrome P-450 inhibitors

Answer 51

``` AAA RACKS In GQ Magazine Acute Alcohol Abuse Ritonavira Amiodarone Cimetidine/ciprofloxacin Ketoconazole Sulfonamide Isoniazid Grapefruit juice Quinidine Macrolides (except azithromycin) ```