Pharmacology-Respiratory Flashcards
Name H1 blockers
diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine, loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetrizine
Name 1st generation H1 blockers
diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine (names containing en/ine, en/ate)
Name 2nd generation H2 blockers
Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetrizine (name usually ends in -adine)
1st generation H1 blockers - uses
Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
2nd generation H1 blockers - uses
allergy
1st generation H1 blockers - toxicity
sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-alpha-adrenergic
2nd generation H1 blockers - toxicity
farr less sedating than 1st generation because of decreased entry into CNS
name 1st generation H1 blocker drugs, uses, toxicity
diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine
- allergy, motion sickness, sleeping aid
- sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-alpha-adrenergic
name 2nd generation H1 blocker drugs, uses, toxicity
loratidine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetrizine
- allergy
- far less sedating than 1st generation because of decreased entry into CNS
what is bronchoconstriction mediated by
- inflammatory processes
- parasympathetic tone
what are 6 types of asthma drugs
B2 agonists, methylxanthines, methylxanthines, muscarinic antagonists, corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, omalizumab
name B2 agonists
albuterol, salmeterol, formoterol
albuterol - mechanism
relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
albuterol - use
use during acute exacerbation
salmeterol, formoterol - use
long-acting agents for prophylaxis
salmeterol, formoterol - adverse effects
tremor and arrhythmia
name a methylxanthine
theophylline
theophyline - mechanism
- by inhibiting phosphodiesterase thereby decreasing cAMP hydrolysis.
- blocks action of adenosine
theophylline - use
narrow theraputic index (cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity) so limited use
theophylline - metabolism
p450
Muscarinic antagonists - drug
Ipratropium
Corticosteroids - names
beclomethasone, fluticasone
Corticosteriods - mechanism
- inhibit synthesis of almost all cytokines
- inactivate NF-kappaB the transcription factor that induces the production of TNF-alpha among other inflam agents
Corticosteriods - use
first line for chronic asthma
Antileukotrienes - names
montelukast, zafirlukast, zileuton
montelukast, zafirlukast - mechanism and use
- block leukotriene receptors
- especially good in aspirin-induced asthma
zileuton - mechanism
- 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor
- blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes
omalizumab - mechanism
- monoclonal anti-IgE antibody
- binds mostly unbound serum IgE
Omlizumab - use
- allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and long-standing beta2-agonists
Expectorants - names
- guaifenesin
- N-acetylcysteine
Guaifenesin - mechanism
expectorant - thins respiratory secretions
guaifenesin - effect on cough reflex
no effect
n-acetylcysteine - mechanism
loosen mucous plug in CF patients
N-acetylcysteine - other uses
antidote for acetaminophen overdose
Bosentan - use
treat pulmonary arterial hypertension
Bosentan - mechanism
competetively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors, decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance
Dextromethorphan - use
antitussive
Dextromethorphan - mechanism
- antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors
- synthetic codeine analog so mild opioid effect and mild abuse potential
Dextromothorphan - antidote
- for OD: naloxone
Nasal decongestants - names
pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine
Nasal decongestants - mechanism
symapthomimetic alpha-agonistic nonprescription
Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine - use
reduce hyperemia, edema, nasal congestion, open obstructed eustachian tubes
Pseudoephedrine – additional use
stimulant
pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine - toxicity
hypertension, CNS stimulation/anxiety (pseudoephedrine)
Methacholine - mechanism and use
muscarinic receptor agonist
asthma challenge test
