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Pharmacology > First Aid 2014-Oncology > Flashcards

First Aid 2014-Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Which phase of cell cycle does bleomycin affect?

A

G2

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2
Q

Which phase of cell cycle does vinblastin affect?

A

Mitosis

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3
Q

Which phase of cell cycle does Etoposide affect?

A

G2

S

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4
Q

Which phase of cell cycle does MTX affect?

A

S

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of MTX?

A

Inhibit Dihydrofolate reductase

Decrease in DNA and Protein synthesis

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6
Q

What is the side effect of MTX that could be reversed?

A

Myelosuppression

reversed with Leucovorin

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7
Q

What are the side effects of MTX?

A

Myelosuppression
Macrovesicular fatty hange in liver
Mucositis
Teratogenic

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of 5FU?

A

Pyrimidine analog that inhibit thymidylate synthase and decrease DNA and Protein Synthesis

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9
Q

What is the side effect of 5FU?

A

Myelosuppression reverse with uridine

Photosensitivity

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of cytarabine?

Side effect?

A

Pyrimidine analog that inhibits DNA Polymerase

Pancytopenia

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of Azathioprine or 6MP or 6TG?

A

Purine analogs that decrese de novo purin synthesis

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12
Q

What is the site of toxicity of Azathioprine or 6MP or 6TG?

A

Bone Marrow
GI
Liver

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of Dactinomycin?

A

Intercalates in DNA

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of Doxorubicin?

A

generate free radicals

Intercalates in DNA

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15
Q

What is the side effect of Doxorubicin?

How to prevent?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy- prevent by dexrazoxane
Myelosuppression
Alopecia
Toxic to tissues following extravasation

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of Bleomycin?

A

Induces free radical formation that causes breaks in DNA Strands

17
Q

What are the side effects of Bleomycin?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis
Skin Changes
Mucositis
Minimal Myelosuppression

18
Q

What is the mechanism of cyclophosphamide?

A

covalently X-link (interstrand) DNA at guanine N7

Require bioactivation by liver

19
Q

What are the mechanisms of Nitrosureas like Carmustine, Streptozocin? Side effects?

A

Cross links DNA
Require bioactivation
Cross BBB

CNS Toxicity: Convulsion, dizziness, ataxia

20
Q

What is the mechanism of Busulfan? When does it use?

A

Cross links DNA
CML
Ablation of BM before BM transplant

21
Q

What are the mechanism of Vincristine?

A

Bind beta-Tubulin

Microtubule inhibitors

22
Q

What is the side effect of vincristine?

A

Neurotoxicity: areflexia, peripheral neuritis

Paralytic ileus

23
Q

what is the mechanism of paclitaxel?

A

Hyperstabilize polymerized microtubules in M pahse

24
Q

What is the mechanism of cisplatin?

A

Cross link DNA

25
Q

What is the side effects of cisplatin? How to prevent?

A

Nephrotoxicity (Prevent with Amifostine)

acoustic nerve damage

26
Q

What is the mechanism of Etoposide, teniposide?

A

inhibit topoisomerase 2

Increase DNA Degradation

Effective on S and G2 Phase

27
Q

What is the mechanism of Irinotecan, Topotecan?

A

Inhibit topoisomerase 1 and prevent DNA unwinding and replication

28
Q

What is the mechanism of Hydroxyurea?

A

Inhibit ribonucleotide reductase and decrease DNA Synthesis

29
Q

What is the mechanism of Tamoxifen?

A

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)
Receptor antagonists in breast
Receptor Agonists in Bone
Block the binding of estrogen to ER + Cells

30
Q

What is the mechanism of Vemurafenib?

A

Small molecule inhibitor of forms of the B-Raf Kinase with the V600E Mutation

31
Q

What is the mechanism of Leflunomide?

A

Inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase

32
Q

What is the mechanism of Mycophenolate and Ribavirin?

A

Inhibit IMP dehydrogenase

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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