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First Aid 2014 Rapid Review-Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

Absence Seizures

A

Ethosuximide

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2
Q

Acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs, colcicine

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3
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukiemia (M3)

A

All-trans retinoic acid

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4
Q

ADHD

A

Methylphenidate, amphetamines

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5
Q

Alcohol use disorder

A

AA + disulfiram, naltrexone, or acamprosate for patient.

Alcohol Anonomous for patient’s family

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6
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Benozodiazepines

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7
Q

Anorexia

A

Nutrition, psychotherapy

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8
Q

Anticoagulation during pregnancy

A

Heparin

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9
Q

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

Class 1B antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)

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10
Q

B12 deficiency

A

vitamin B12 supplementation (work up cause with Schilling test)

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11
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Tamsulosin–> α1a-selective alpha blocker

finasteride–>5a reductase inhibior

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12
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine(mood stabilizers)

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13
Q

Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman

A

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

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14
Q

Buerger disease

A

smoking cessation

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15
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

SSRIs

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16
Q

Candida albicans

A

Amphotericin B (systemic), nystatin (oral thrush), azoles (vaginitis)

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17
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

octreotide

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18
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Doxycclin (+ ceftriazone for gonorrhea coinfection),

erythromycin eye drops (prophlaxis in infants)

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19
Q

Chronic gout

A

Probenecid (underexcretor)

Allopurinol/Febuxostat (overproducer)

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20
Q

Chronic hepatitis

A

IFN-a

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21
Q

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

Imatinib

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22
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Anti-toxin

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23
Q

clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam

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24
Q

CMV

A

Ganciclovir

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25
Q

Crohn disease

A

Corticosteroids, infliximab, methotrexate, azathioprine

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26
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)

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27
Q

cyclophosphamide-induced haemorrhagic cystitis

A

Mesna

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28
Q

depression

A

SSRI (1st line)

-fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram

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29
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

DDAVP (central);
hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic) –>used to create mild hypovolemia which encourages salt and water uptake in proximal tubule

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30
Q

Diabetes mellitus type1

A

Dietary intervention (low sugar) + insulin replacement

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31
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 2

A

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin

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32
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Fluids, insulin, K+

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33
Q

Enterococci

A

Vancomycin/ampicillin +aminoglycoside

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34
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

Sildenafil, vardenafil

-inhibit phosphodiesterase —> increase cGMP—> SM relaxation @ corpus cavernosum

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35
Q

ER + breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen
-antagonist on breast tissue; agonist @ uterus, bone
associated with endometrial cancer

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36
Q

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

A

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

37
Q

Haemophilus influenzae (B)

A

Rifampin (prophylaxis)

38
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

39
Q

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)

A

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteriods

40
Q

Heparin toxicity (acute)

A

Protamine sulfate

41
Q

HER2/neu + breast cancer

A

Trastuzumab

42
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

A

spironolactone

43
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

statin (1st line)
side effect:
hepatotoxicity (increased LFT)
rhabdomyolysis (esp with firbrates and niacin)

44
Q

Hypertriglyceridemia

45
Q

Immediate anticoagulation

46
Q

Infertility

A

Leuprolid (GnRH analog), GnRH (pulsatile), Clomiphene

47
Q

Influenza

A

Rimandtadine,

oseltmamivir/zanamivir(inhibit influenza neuraminidase)

48
Q

Legionella penumophila

A

erythromycin

49
Q

Long-term anticoagulation

50
Q

Malaria

A

Chloroquine/mefloquine (for blood schizont)
—>blocks heme polymerase
primaquine (for liver hypnozoite) –>prevent relapse

51
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

52
Q

Medical abortion

A

Mifepristone–>competitive progesterone receptor partial antagonist

53
Q

migraine

A

sumatriptan –>5HT agonist

54
Q

MRSA

A

Vancomycin

55
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

B-interferon, immunosuppresion, natalizumab (? of PML)

56
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

RIPE (rifampin, INH, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

rifampin–>inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
INH–>↓ synthesis of mycolic acids. (needed Kat G to convert INH to active metabolite)
pyrazinamide–> acidify intracellular environment (phagosome) via conversion to pyrazionic acid.
ethambutol–>works by obstructing the formation of cell wall

57
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Ceftriaxone (add doxycyclin to cover likely concurrent Chlamydia)

58
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Penicillin/Ceftriazone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

59
Q

Neural tube defect prevention

A

Prenatal folic acid

60
Q

Osteomalacia/rickets

A

Vit. D supplementation

61
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Bisphosphonaes; calcium and vitamin D supplmentation

bonus pt: Raloxifene–>agnoist on bone, antagonist @ uterus

62
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

Indomethacin

63
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

a-antagonist (eg. phenoxybenzamine [irreversible])

then B-blocker

64
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)

65
Q

Prolactinoma

A

Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist)

66
Q

Prostate cancer/uterine fibroids

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

67
Q

Prostate carcinoma

A

Flutamide –>inhibit 5a-reductase

68
Q

Pseduomonas aeruginosau

A

Antipseudomonal penicillin + aminoglycoside

69
Q

Pulmonary arterial hypertension

A

Sildenafil –>-inhibit phosphodiesterase —> increase cGMP—> SM relaxation
bosentan –>competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors.
epoprstenol –> prostacycli)n analog

70
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol (associated with plastic anemia)

71
Q

Ringworm infection

A

Terbinafine–>inhibits the fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase
griseofulvin–>interferes with microtubule function; disrupt mitosis
imidazole–>inhibit funfal stero synthesis (via inhibition of P450)

72
Q

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

A

5-HT2a antagnoists (eg. 2nd-generation antipsychotics)

73
Q

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

A

D2 receptor antagonists (eg. 2nd-generation antipsychotifcs)

74
Q

SIADH

A

Demeclocycline, lithium, vasopressin receptor antagonists

75
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

hydroxyurea (? fetal hemoglobin)

76
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A

oral potassium iodide

77
Q

stable angina

A

sublingual nitroglycerin

78
Q

staphylococcus aureus

A

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacilli, dicloxacillin
MRSA: vancomycin

79
Q

streptococcus bovis

A

penicillin prohylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

80
Q

streptococcus penumonaie

A

penicillin prophylaxis

81
Q

temporal arteritis

A

high-dose steroids

82
Q

tonic-clonic seizures

A

phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

83
Q

toxoplasma pallidum

A

penicillin

84
Q

trichomonas vaginalis

A

metronidazole

85
Q

trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

A

Carbamazepine

86
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

5-ASA, infliximab, colectomy

87
Q

UTI prophylaxis

88
Q

Warfarin toxicity

A

Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vit K (chronic)

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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