Pharmacology prelim Flashcards
1
Q
it is THE STUDY OF DRUGS
A
pharmacology
2
Q
articles USED IN PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS, MITIGATION, CURE, AND TREATMENT OF DISEASE
A
drugs
3
Q
what the drug does to the body/ effects of human body
A
pharmacodynamics
4
Q
study of processes a drug undergoes as it reaches and leaves the site of action
A
pharmacokinetics
5
Q
- integration of PD and PK
- study of the RATIONAL USE OF DRUGS in the management of diseases
- study of the physiologic and biochemical effects of drugs in the living systems
A
pharmacodynamics
6
Q
biological sites of action or active sites
A
target protein mediated
7
Q
made of alpha and beta tubulin
functions: keep organelles in place and axonal transport/release of neurotransmitter
A
microtubules
8
Q
it is a CELL MOVEMENT
A
chemotaxis
9
Q
medicine for ANTIFUNGAL
A
griseofulvin
10
Q
treatment for INFECTION OF SKIN AND APPANDAGES
A
dermatomycosis
11
Q
inhibition of cell division of fungal cell
A
MOA
12
Q
absorption is increased by?
A
fatty foods
13
Q
stimulate metabolism of another drug if they combine together
A
enzyme inducer
14
Q
Colchicine is a medicine for?
A
acute gout and chronic gout with allupurinel
15
Q
inhibits movement of inflammatory cells to immune cells
A
MOA: inhibit chemotaxis
16
Q
what are the 3 mitotic spindle inhibitors/antimitotics?
A
- Vincas (perwinke plants)
- vincristine
- vinblastine
- vinorebline
- vindesine - taxanes (bark pacific new tree)
- pclitaxel
- docetaxel
- cabazitaxel - estramustine
17
Q
what are the REGULATORY PROTEINS?
A
- channel
- enzymes
- carriers
- receptors
18
Q
detect changes in the environment
A
channel (voltage gated)
19
Q
Voltage gated sodium channels inhibited by CLASS 1 ANTIARRHYTHMIC CHANNELS
A
IA
IB
IC
20
Q
prolong the action potential
A
IA
21
Q
disypramide guideline procainamide
A
IA
22
Q
shortens the action potential
A
IB
23
Q
tocainide, mexiletine, lidocraine, pheytoxin
A
IB
24
Q
no effect on the action potential
A
IC
25
maritizin, fleanide, propaferone, encainide
IC
26
LOCAL ANESTHETICS
- ester type; amide type 2 ii - liducaine
iii - procraine
27
anticonvulsants
- phenytoin, carbamazepine
28
voltage gated potassium channels inhibited by CLASS 3 ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS and SULFONYLUREAS (for type 2 DM)
class 3 - amiodarone, bretylium, sotanol, donederone, ibutilide, dofetelide
sulfonylureas - glibenclamide, glipizide, chlorproramide
29
calcium channel blockers
dihydropyridines (dhps) - ex; amlodopine, nicardipine, nifedapine
30
important for CONTRACTION/DEPULIRIZATION
NAT sodium
31
anti-inflammatory drugs
NSAIDS
ex; mefenamic acid, ibuprofen, aspirin
32
anti-platelet clotting
aspirin
33
reversible inhibitor of MAO
Moclubemide
34
selective MAO inhibitor
selegiline and rosagiline
35
non-selective MAO inhibitor
Phenelzine
Isocarbozacid
Tranylcypromine
36
antibacterial with MAO blocking effect
linezolid
37
drug for partensons
tolcapone
entacapone
38
cell membrane proteins with specific binding sites that undergo conformational change
carriers
39
drug for heart failure
- failure of the heart to contract
digoxin
40
increase force/strength of contraction
inotropism
41
decrease heart rate
chronotropism
42
decrease conduction velocity through the atrioventricular (AV node)
dromotropism
43
a typical ANTI-PYSYCHOTIC
aripiprazole
44
functional macromolecular cell components with specific stereochemical configuration with which a ligand interacts usually in a lock and key fashion
receptors
45
any substance that binds to a receptor
ligand
46
associated with ligand-gated ion channels
location; cell membrane
type 1 (Ionotropic) receptor
47
inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABA
48
increase frequency of chloride channel opening
benzodiazepines
49
increase duration of chloride channel opening
barbiturates
50
its effects is INCREASE/DECREASE concentration of metabolites
type 2 (metabotropic) receptor
51
types of G proteins
ADREGENERIC
1. Gq- alpha 1 - contraction
2. Gi - alpha 2 - decrease camp
3. Gs - beta 1 - increase pump
4. Gs - beta 2
5. Gs - beta 3
MUSCARMIC
1. Gq - meta 1
2. Gi- meta 2
3. Gq - meta 3
52
it is a SECONDARY MESSENGER
CAMP
53
- stimulation of glucokinase
- translocation of glucose transporters into the cell membrane
type 3 enzyme linked/ insulin receptor (tyrosine kinase)
54
properties of solutions dependent on the number of solute particles
colligative properties
55
for heavy metals poisoning
chelation
56
ability of drug to bind to a receptor
affinity
57
constitutive activity of the receptor. reducing pharmacologic effects
intrinsic activity
58
types of ligands based on the effect on intrinsic activity of the receptor
1. agonist
2. antagonist
3. inverse agonist
59
binds to the receptor, produce effects. -
-increase activity
agonist
60
binds to the receptor, blocking the effect
- no activity
antagonist
61
anti- histamine drug
antagonist
62
a site other than the agonist binding site
allosteric activity
63
enhances agonist binding
- it will adjust to fit the agonist
allosteric agonist
64
inhibits against binding
allosteric antagonist
65
produce the maximal effects/ full spectrum of effects associated with the receptor
full agonist
66
produces some of the effects associated with the receptor
partial agonist
aka: mixed agonist-antagonist
67
produces opposite effects by binding to the SAME RECEPTOR
pharmacologic antagonist
68
produces opposite effects by binding to the DIFFERENT RECEPTOR
physiologic antagonist
69
temporary bond (noncovalent)
NMT 24 hours
ex. organophosphate nerve gasses
reversible
70
permanent bond (covalent)
24 hours
irreversible
71
effect CAN BE FULLY OVERCOME by increasing agonist concentration
ex. morphine analgesic
competitive/ surmountable
72
effect CANNOT BE FULLY OVERCOME by an increasing agonist concentration
noncompetitive/ insurmountable
73
maximum achievable response
efficacy/ceiling effect
74
smallest dose that produces the maximum response
ceiling dose/limit dose
75
dose that produces 50% of the efficacy
ex. cologne
potency
76
degree of change in response with a change in the dose
midslope
77
a slight change of dose will produce dramatic change
steeper
78
dose that produces the BENEFICIAL OUTCOME in 50% of the study population
ED50 - median effective dose
79
dose that produces the TOXIC OUTCOME in 50% of the study population
TD50 - median toxic dose
80
measure of relative safety
- the higher the TI, the safer the drug
therapeutic index
81
pharmacokinetics process
1. transport process
2. liberation
3. absorption
4. distribution
5. metabolism
6. excretion
82
mechanism of drug movement across the cell membrane
basic requirement - drug in aqueous solution
transport process
83
release of a drug from the dosage form
liberation
84
breaking of solid
disintegration
85
from solid to solution
dissolution
86
physiologic rate and extent of disappearance of a drug from the site of administration
absorption
87
energy requiring or ATP
- agonist a concentration gradient
- low to high concentration
active transport
88
non energy requiring
- a long a concentration gradient
- vitamin b12
facilitated transport
89
preparation for passive diffusion
- for large ions
ion-pair transport
90
drug passes through water-filled pores
- movement is through solvent drug
convective transport
91
-vesicle mediated
- vitamin ADEK, Griseofulvin
