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3rd year, 1st sem > Pharmacology prelim > Flashcards

Pharmacology prelim Flashcards

1
Q

it is THE STUDY OF DRUGS

A

pharmacology

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2
Q

articles USED IN PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS, MITIGATION, CURE, AND TREATMENT OF DISEASE

A

drugs

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3
Q

what the drug does to the body/ effects of human body

A

pharmacodynamics

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4
Q

study of processes a drug undergoes as it reaches and leaves the site of action

A

pharmacokinetics

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5
Q
  • integration of PD and PK
  • study of the RATIONAL USE OF DRUGS in the management of diseases
  • study of the physiologic and biochemical effects of drugs in the living systems
A

pharmacodynamics

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6
Q

biological sites of action or active sites

A

target protein mediated

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7
Q

made of alpha and beta tubulin
functions: keep organelles in place and axonal transport/release of neurotransmitter

A

microtubules

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8
Q

it is a CELL MOVEMENT

A

chemotaxis

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9
Q

medicine for ANTIFUNGAL

A

griseofulvin

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10
Q

treatment for INFECTION OF SKIN AND APPANDAGES

A

dermatomycosis

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11
Q

inhibition of cell division of fungal cell

A

MOA

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12
Q

absorption is increased by?

A

fatty foods

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13
Q

stimulate metabolism of another drug if they combine together

A

enzyme inducer

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14
Q

Colchicine is a medicine for?

A

acute gout and chronic gout with allupurinel

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15
Q

inhibits movement of inflammatory cells to immune cells

A

MOA: inhibit chemotaxis

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16
Q

what are the 3 mitotic spindle inhibitors/antimitotics?

A
  1. Vincas (perwinke plants)
    - vincristine
    - vinblastine
    - vinorebline
    - vindesine
  2. taxanes (bark pacific new tree)
    - pclitaxel
    - docetaxel
    - cabazitaxel
  3. estramustine
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17
Q

what are the REGULATORY PROTEINS?

A
  1. channel
  2. enzymes
  3. carriers
  4. receptors
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18
Q

detect changes in the environment

A

channel (voltage gated)

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19
Q

Voltage gated sodium channels inhibited by CLASS 1 ANTIARRHYTHMIC CHANNELS

A

IA
IB
IC

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20
Q

prolong the action potential

A

IA

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21
Q

disypramide guideline procainamide

A

IA

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22
Q

shortens the action potential

A

IB

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23
Q

tocainide, mexiletine, lidocraine, pheytoxin

A

IB

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24
Q

no effect on the action potential

A

IC

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25
Q

maritizin, fleanide, propaferone, encainide

A

IC

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26
Q

LOCAL ANESTHETICS

A
  • ester type; amide type 2 ii - liducaine
    iii - procraine
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27
Q

anticonvulsants

A
  • phenytoin, carbamazepine
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28
Q

voltage gated potassium channels inhibited by CLASS 3 ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS and SULFONYLUREAS (for type 2 DM)

A

class 3 - amiodarone, bretylium, sotanol, donederone, ibutilide, dofetelide

sulfonylureas - glibenclamide, glipizide, chlorproramide

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29
Q

calcium channel blockers

A

dihydropyridines (dhps) - ex; amlodopine, nicardipine, nifedapine

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30
Q

important for CONTRACTION/DEPULIRIZATION

A

NAT sodium

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31
Q

anti-inflammatory drugs

A

NSAIDS

ex; mefenamic acid, ibuprofen, aspirin

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32
Q

anti-platelet clotting

A

aspirin

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33
Q

reversible inhibitor of MAO

A

Moclubemide

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34
Q

selective MAO inhibitor

A

selegiline and rosagiline

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35
Q

non-selective MAO inhibitor

A

Phenelzine
Isocarbozacid
Tranylcypromine

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36
Q

antibacterial with MAO blocking effect

A

linezolid

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37
Q

drug for partensons

A

tolcapone
entacapone

38
Q

cell membrane proteins with specific binding sites that undergo conformational change

A

carriers

39
Q

drug for heart failure
- failure of the heart to contract

A

digoxin

40
Q

increase force/strength of contraction

A

inotropism

41
Q

decrease heart rate

A

chronotropism

42
Q

decrease conduction velocity through the atrioventricular (AV node)

A

dromotropism

43
Q

a typical ANTI-PYSYCHOTIC

A

aripiprazole

44
Q

functional macromolecular cell components with specific stereochemical configuration with which a ligand interacts usually in a lock and key fashion

A

receptors

45
Q

any substance that binds to a receptor

A

ligand

46
Q

associated with ligand-gated ion channels
location; cell membrane

A

type 1 (Ionotropic) receptor

47
Q

inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

GABA

48
Q

increase frequency of chloride channel opening

A

benzodiazepines

49
Q

increase duration of chloride channel opening

A

barbiturates

50
Q

its effects is INCREASE/DECREASE concentration of metabolites

A

type 2 (metabotropic) receptor

51
Q

types of G proteins

A

ADREGENERIC
1. Gq- alpha 1 - contraction
2. Gi - alpha 2 - decrease camp
3. Gs - beta 1 - increase pump
4. Gs - beta 2
5. Gs - beta 3

MUSCARMIC
1. Gq - meta 1
2. Gi- meta 2
3. Gq - meta 3

52
Q

it is a SECONDARY MESSENGER

A

CAMP

53
Q
  • stimulation of glucokinase
  • translocation of glucose transporters into the cell membrane
A

type 3 enzyme linked/ insulin receptor (tyrosine kinase)

54
Q

properties of solutions dependent on the number of solute particles

A

colligative properties

55
Q

for heavy metals poisoning

A

chelation

56
Q

ability of drug to bind to a receptor

A

affinity

57
Q

constitutive activity of the receptor. reducing pharmacologic effects

A

intrinsic activity

58
Q

types of ligands based on the effect on intrinsic activity of the receptor

A
  1. agonist
  2. antagonist
  3. inverse agonist
59
Q

binds to the receptor, produce effects. -
-increase activity

A

agonist

60
Q

binds to the receptor, blocking the effect
- no activity

A

antagonist

61
Q

anti- histamine drug

A

antagonist

62
Q

a site other than the agonist binding site

A

allosteric activity

63
Q

enhances agonist binding
- it will adjust to fit the agonist

A

allosteric agonist

64
Q

inhibits against binding

A

allosteric antagonist

65
Q

produce the maximal effects/ full spectrum of effects associated with the receptor

A

full agonist

66
Q

produces some of the effects associated with the receptor

A

partial agonist
aka: mixed agonist-antagonist

67
Q

produces opposite effects by binding to the SAME RECEPTOR

A

pharmacologic antagonist

68
Q

produces opposite effects by binding to the DIFFERENT RECEPTOR

A

physiologic antagonist

69
Q

temporary bond (noncovalent)
NMT 24 hours

ex. organophosphate nerve gasses

A

reversible

70
Q

permanent bond (covalent)
24 hours

A

irreversible

71
Q

effect CAN BE FULLY OVERCOME by increasing agonist concentration

ex. morphine analgesic

A

competitive/ surmountable

72
Q

effect CANNOT BE FULLY OVERCOME by an increasing agonist concentration

A

noncompetitive/ insurmountable

73
Q

maximum achievable response

A

efficacy/ceiling effect

74
Q

smallest dose that produces the maximum response

A

ceiling dose/limit dose

75
Q

dose that produces 50% of the efficacy

ex. cologne

A

potency

76
Q

degree of change in response with a change in the dose

A

midslope

77
Q

a slight change of dose will produce dramatic change

A

steeper

78
Q

dose that produces the BENEFICIAL OUTCOME in 50% of the study population

A

ED50 - median effective dose

79
Q

dose that produces the TOXIC OUTCOME in 50% of the study population

A

TD50 - median toxic dose

80
Q

measure of relative safety
- the higher the TI, the safer the drug

A

therapeutic index

81
Q

pharmacokinetics process

A
  1. transport process
  2. liberation
  3. absorption
  4. distribution
  5. metabolism
  6. excretion
82
Q

mechanism of drug movement across the cell membrane
basic requirement - drug in aqueous solution

A

transport process

83
Q

release of a drug from the dosage form

A

liberation

84
Q

breaking of solid

A

disintegration

85
Q

from solid to solution

A

dissolution

86
Q

physiologic rate and extent of disappearance of a drug from the site of administration

A

absorption

87
Q

energy requiring or ATP
- agonist a concentration gradient
- low to high concentration

A

active transport

88
Q

non energy requiring
- a long a concentration gradient
- vitamin b12

A

facilitated transport

89
Q

preparation for passive diffusion
- for large ions

A

ion-pair transport

90
Q

drug passes through water-filled pores
- movement is through solvent drug

A

convective transport

91
Q

-vesicle mediated
- vitamin ADEK, Griseofulvin

A

3rd year, 1st sem (7 decks)

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