biostatistics

Question 1

study of the collection, organization, analysis, and presentation of data
- including the planning of data collection
- descriptive measure computed from the data of simple

Answer 1

Statistics

Question 2

can be defined as the application of the mathematical tools to the field of biological science and medicine.
- study of statistics as applied areas.

Answer 2

Biostatistics

Question 3

the collection, organization, summarization, and analysis of data.

Answer 3

descriptive statistics

Question 4

drawing of inferences (decision) about a body of data.

Answer 4

inferential statistics

Question 5

is a scientific
phenomenon of interest.

Answer 5

research study

Question 6

research study step by step

Answer 6

1. planning and designing of experiment or survey
2. data collection
3. data analysis using statistical tools
4. interpretation
5. presentation of valid conclusion

Question 7

3 types of variables

Answer 7

1. independent variables
2. dependent variables
3. control variables

Question 7

its name suggests, is something that does not vary or change.
- has only one attribute or value
- has no use in statistics.

Answer 7

constant

Question 7

are numbers which can be obtain from measurements or by counting

Answer 7

Data

Question 7

what are the sources of data?

Answer 7

1. routinely kept records
2. surveys
3. experiments
4. reports

Question 8

what are the 2 types of data?

Answer 8

1. constant
2. variables

Question 8

• a quantity that may vary from object to object
• it takes on different values in different persons, places, or things

Answer 8

variables

Question 9

• MANIPULATED variable
• the variable you CHANGE
• x- axis

Answer 9

independent variables

Question 10

variables that need to remain constants for accurate results

Answer 10

control variables

Question 10

• RESPONDING variable
• the variable you MEASURE
• Y- axis

Answer 10

dependent variable

Question 10

collection of entities, consist of animals, machines, places, or cells.
- largest collection of values

Answer 10

population

Question 11

defined simply as a part of a population

Answer 11

sample

Question 12

2 groups or the 1 group to an external standard

Answer 12

T- test

Question 13

2 categorical variables

Answer 13

chi square

Question 14

3 or more groups

Answer 14

anova

Question 15

2 continuous variables are related

Answer 15

correlation

Question 16

establishing the influence of 1 variable on an outcome variable

Answer 16

regression

Question 17

refers to the collection of data in discrete manner

Answer 17

sampling

Question 18

types of sampling

Answer 18

1. convenience sampling
2. random sampling
3. systematic sampling
4. stratified sampling

Question 19

select the most accessible and available subjects in target population

Answer 19

convenience sampling

Question 20

select subjects at random from the target population

Answer 20

random sampling

Question 21

identify all in target population, and select every 10th person as a subject

Answer 21

systematic sampling

Question 22

important sub-groups in large population

Answer 22

stratified sampling

Question 23

type of data collection

Answer 23

1. surveys/questionnaires
2. direct medical examination
3. direct measurement (blood draws)
4. administrative records

Question 24

defined as the assignment of numbers to objects or events

Answer 24

measurement

Question 25

what are the 4 measurement of scales?

Answer 25

1. nominal scale (marital status, eye color, gender, race)
2. ordinal scale (stage of disease, severity of pain, level of satisfaction)
3. interval scale (temperature)
4. ratio scale (distance, length, time until death, weight)

Question 26

procedure by which we reach a conclusion about a population on the basis of the information

Answer 26

statistical inference

Question 27

necessary to make a valid inference about the population
- mechanics of drawing a sample to testify the definition

Answer 27

simple random sample

Question 28

special type of research study in which observations are made after specific manipulations.
- provide the foundation for scientific research

Answer 28

experiments

Question 29

• process by which scientific information is collection, analyzed, and reported
• recognized universally as the only truly accepted way to produce new scientific understanding

Answer 29

scientific method

Question 30

• ability to summarize the data by means of single number is called;
  best way to work with data is to summarize and organized them.

Answer 30

descriptive measure

Question 31

computed from the data of a population is called;

Answer 31

parameter

Question 32

type of measure useful for summarizing the data defines the center, or middle of the sample

Answer 32

central tendency

Question 33

3 most commonly used measures of central tendency are;

Answer 33

1. mean
2. median
3. mode

Question 34

study of distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to the control of health problems.

Answer 34

Epidemiology

Question 35

what are the tools of measurements?

Answer 35

1. rates
2. ratios
3. proportions

Question 36

measures the occurrence of some events in a population in a given time period.

ex. death rate

Answer 36

rates

Question 37

expresses a relation in size between two random quantities.

ex. sex ratio

Answer 37

ratios

Question 38

number of death rate per 1000 estimated mid-year population in one year, in a given place

Answer 38

crude death rate

Question 39

• better idea about etiology
• cause or disease specific
• related to specific groups

Answer 39

specific death rate

Question 40

• killing power of a disease
• ratio of death to cases

Answer 40

case fatality rate

Question 40

proportion of survivors in a group studied and followed over a period

Answer 40

survival rate

Question 41

• proportion of total deaths due to a particular cause or in a particular age group
• number of death due to a particular cause per 1000 total death

Answer 41

proportional mortality rate