biostatistics Flashcards
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study of the collection, organization, analysis, and presentation of data
- including the planning of data collection
- descriptive measure computed from the data of simple
Statistics
can be defined as the application of the mathematical tools to the field of biological science and medicine.
- study of statistics as applied areas.
Biostatistics
the collection, organization, summarization, and analysis of data.
descriptive statistics
drawing of inferences (decision) about a body of data.
inferential statistics
is a scientific
phenomenon of interest.
research study
research study step by step
- planning and designing of experiment or survey
- data collection
- data analysis using statistical tools
- interpretation
- presentation of valid conclusion
3 types of variables
- independent variables
- dependent variables
- control variables
its name suggests, is something that does not vary or change.
- has only one attribute or value
- has no use in statistics.
constant
are numbers which can be obtain from measurements or by counting
Data
what are the sources of data?
- routinely kept records
- surveys
- experiments
- reports
what are the 2 types of data?
- constant
- variables
- a quantity that may vary from object to object
- it takes on different values in different persons, places, or things
variables
- MANIPULATED variable
- the variable you CHANGE
- x- axis
independent variables
variables that need to remain constants for accurate results
control variables
- RESPONDING variable
- the variable you MEASURE
- Y- axis
dependent variable
collection of entities, consist of animals, machines, places, or cells.
- largest collection of values
population
defined simply as a part of a population
sample
2 groups or the 1 group to an external standard
T- test
2 categorical variables
chi square
3 or more groups
anova
2 continuous variables are related
correlation
establishing the influence of 1 variable on an outcome variable
regression
refers to the collection of data in discrete manner
sampling
types of sampling
- convenience sampling
- random sampling
- systematic sampling
- stratified sampling
select the most accessible and available subjects in target population
convenience sampling
select subjects at random from the target population
random sampling
identify all in target population, and select every 10th person as a subject
systematic sampling
important sub-groups in large population
stratified sampling
type of data collection
- surveys/questionnaires
- direct medical examination
- direct measurement (blood draws)
- administrative records
defined as the assignment of numbers to objects or events
measurement
what are the 4 measurement of scales?
- nominal scale (marital status, eye color, gender, race)
- ordinal scale (stage of disease, severity of pain, level of satisfaction)
- interval scale (temperature)
- ratio scale (distance, length, time until death, weight)
procedure by which we reach a conclusion about a population on the basis of the information
statistical inference
necessary to make a valid inference about the population
- mechanics of drawing a sample to testify the definition
simple random sample
special type of research study in which observations are made after specific manipulations.
- provide the foundation for scientific research
experiments
- process by which scientific information is collection, analyzed, and reported
- recognized universally as the only truly accepted way to produce new scientific understanding
scientific method
- ability to summarize the data by means of single number is called;
best way to work with data is to summarize and organized them.
descriptive measure
computed from the data of a population is called;
parameter
type of measure useful for summarizing the data defines the center, or middle of the sample
central tendency
3 most commonly used measures of central tendency are;
- mean
- median
- mode
study of distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to the control of health problems.
Epidemiology
what are the tools of measurements?
- rates
- ratios
- proportions
measures the occurrence of some events in a population in a given time period.
ex. death rate
rates
expresses a relation in size between two random quantities.
ex. sex ratio
ratios
number of death rate per 1000 estimated mid-year population in one year, in a given place
crude death rate
- better idea about etiology
- cause or disease specific
- related to specific groups
specific death rate
- killing power of a disease
- ratio of death to cases
case fatality rate
proportion of survivors in a group studied and followed over a period
survival rate
- proportion of total deaths due to a particular cause or in a particular age group
- number of death due to a particular cause per 1000 total death
proportional mortality rate
