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3rd year, 1st sem > biostatistics > Flashcards

biostatistics Flashcards

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1
Q

study of the collection, organization, analysis, and presentation of data
- including the planning of data collection
- descriptive measure computed from the data of simple

A

Statistics

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2
Q

can be defined as the application of the mathematical tools to the field of biological science and medicine.
- study of statistics as applied areas.

A

Biostatistics

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3
Q

the collection, organization, summarization, and analysis of data.

A

descriptive statistics

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4
Q

drawing of inferences (decision) about a body of data.

A

inferential statistics

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5
Q

is a scientific
phenomenon of interest.

A

research study

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6
Q

research study step by step

A
  1. planning and designing of experiment or survey
  2. data collection
  3. data analysis using statistical tools
  4. interpretation
  5. presentation of valid conclusion
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7
Q

3 types of variables

A
  1. independent variables
  2. dependent variables
  3. control variables
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7
Q

its name suggests, is something that does not vary or change.
- has only one attribute or value
- has no use in statistics.

A

constant

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7
Q

are numbers which can be obtain from measurements or by counting

A

Data

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7
Q

what are the sources of data?

A
  1. routinely kept records
  2. surveys
  3. experiments
  4. reports
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8
Q

what are the 2 types of data?

A
  1. constant
  2. variables
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8
Q
  • a quantity that may vary from object to object
  • it takes on different values in different persons, places, or things
A

variables

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9
Q
  • MANIPULATED variable
  • the variable you CHANGE
  • x- axis
A

independent variables

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10
Q

variables that need to remain constants for accurate results

A

control variables

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10
Q
  • RESPONDING variable
  • the variable you MEASURE
  • Y- axis
A

dependent variable

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10
Q

collection of entities, consist of animals, machines, places, or cells.
- largest collection of values

A

population

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11
Q

defined simply as a part of a population

A

sample

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12
Q

2 groups or the 1 group to an external standard

A

T- test

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13
Q

2 categorical variables

A

chi square

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14
Q

3 or more groups

A

anova

15
Q

2 continuous variables are related

A

correlation

16
Q

establishing the influence of 1 variable on an outcome variable

A

regression

17
Q

refers to the collection of data in discrete manner

A

sampling

18
Q

types of sampling

A
  1. convenience sampling
  2. random sampling
  3. systematic sampling
  4. stratified sampling
19
Q

select the most accessible and available subjects in target population

A

convenience sampling

20
Q

select subjects at random from the target population

A

random sampling

21
Q

identify all in target population, and select every 10th person as a subject

A

systematic sampling

22
Q

important sub-groups in large population

A

stratified sampling

23
Q

type of data collection

A
  1. surveys/questionnaires
  2. direct medical examination
  3. direct measurement (blood draws)
  4. administrative records
24
Q

defined as the assignment of numbers to objects or events

A

measurement

25
Q

what are the 4 measurement of scales?

A
  1. nominal scale (marital status, eye color, gender, race)
  2. ordinal scale (stage of disease, severity of pain, level of satisfaction)
  3. interval scale (temperature)
  4. ratio scale (distance, length, time until death, weight)
26
Q

procedure by which we reach a conclusion about a population on the basis of the information

A

statistical inference

27
Q

necessary to make a valid inference about the population
- mechanics of drawing a sample to testify the definition

A

simple random sample

28
Q

special type of research study in which observations are made after specific manipulations.
- provide the foundation for scientific research

A

experiments

29
Q
  • process by which scientific information is collection, analyzed, and reported
  • recognized universally as the only truly accepted way to produce new scientific understanding
A

scientific method

30
Q
  • ability to summarize the data by means of single number is called;
    best way to work with data is to summarize and organized them.
A

descriptive measure

31
Q

computed from the data of a population is called;

A

parameter

32
Q

type of measure useful for summarizing the data defines the center, or middle of the sample

A

central tendency

33
Q

3 most commonly used measures of central tendency are;

A
  1. mean
  2. median
  3. mode
34
Q

study of distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to the control of health problems.

A

Epidemiology

35
Q

what are the tools of measurements?

A
  1. rates
  2. ratios
  3. proportions
36
Q

measures the occurrence of some events in a population in a given time period.

ex. death rate

A

rates

37
Q

expresses a relation in size between two random quantities.

ex. sex ratio

A

ratios

38
Q

number of death rate per 1000 estimated mid-year population in one year, in a given place

A

crude death rate

39
Q
  • better idea about etiology
  • cause or disease specific
  • related to specific groups
A

specific death rate

40
Q
  • killing power of a disease
  • ratio of death to cases
A

case fatality rate

40
Q

proportion of survivors in a group studied and followed over a period

A

survival rate

41
Q
  • proportion of total deaths due to a particular cause or in a particular age group
  • number of death due to a particular cause per 1000 total death
A

proportional mortality rate

3rd year, 1st sem (7 decks)

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