ORAL PHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM

Question 1

to bite and grind or crush with the teeth

Answer 1

chewing

Question 2

mastication is defined as the act of _______

Answer 2

chewing food

Question 3

what are the 4 movements of jaw?

Answer 3

depression of jaw
elevation of jaw
protraction of jaw
retraction of jaw

Question 4

the process of swallowing also known as ________. involves the movement of substances from the MOUTH (ORAL CAVITY) TO PHARYNX AND ESOPHAGUS

Answer 4

deglutition

Question 5

initial part of the digestive system. it includes lips, cheeks, gums, teeth, tongue, and the roof and floor of the mouth.

Answer 5

oral cavity

Question 6

MUSCULAR TUBE that connects the oral cavity to the esophagus and the larynx.

Answer 6

pharynx

Question 7

HOLLOW TUBE in the middle of your neck, just above your trachea (windpipe) and esophagus.

Answer 7

larynx

Question 8

muscles involves in chewing

Answer 8

temporalis, masseter, and medial pterygoid muscle.

Question 9

achieved through contraction of the posterior temporalis, suprahyoid, and infrahyoid muscles.

Answer 9

retrusion

Question 10

ipsilateral contraction of primary the posterior fibers of the temporalis muscles.

Answer 10

lateral movements

Question 11

involves crushing food and mixing it with saliva to form bolus for swallowing

Answer 11

mastication

Question 12

refers to the way your upper and lower teeth come together when you bite or chew.

Answer 12

dental occlusion

Question 13

3 development of the dentition

Answer 13

1. primary dentition
2. mixed dentition
3. permanent dentition

Question 14

also known as baby teeth or milk teeth, consists of 20 teeth that typically begin to emerge around 6 months of age.

Answer 14

primary dentition

Question 15

the first teeth to appear, usually between 6-12 months

Answer 15

incisors

Question 16

appear between 12-18 months, followed by the second set of molars around 24-30 months

Answer 16

molars

Question 17

erupts between 16-24 months

Answer 17

canines

Question 18

dentition stage occurs between approximately 6-12 years of age when both primary and permanent teeth are present

Answer 18

mixed dentition

Question 19

erupt first, starting around 6 age, known as the SIX-YEAR MOLAR

Answer 19

permanent 1st molar

Question 20

this period is crucial as it sets the foundation for the final alignment of teeth

Answer 20

transition

Question 21

good occlusion contributes to a pleasing smile and proper alignment of teeth

Answer 21

aesthetic impact

Question 22

refers to the relationship between the upper and lower teeth when the mouth is closed, specifically during lateral movements.

Answer 22

lateral occlusal relations

Question 23

where small amounts of enamel are reshaped to improve the way the teeth come into contact

Answer 23

occlusal adjustment

Question 24

refers to the balanced alignment of teeth that ensures even distribution of forces during chewing

Answer 24

occlusal stability

Question 25

refers to the changes the nervous system undergoes in response to variation in occlusion

Answer 25

adaption

Question 26

when teeth come into contact in a way that disrupts normal function or causes discomfort.

Answer 26

occlusal interference

Question 27

is the space between the upper and lower jaws when the teeth are in occlusion

Answer 27

vertical dimensions

Question 28

movements and functions of the oral structure, including the lips, tongue, and jaw.

Answer 28

oral motor behavior

Question 29

stages of swallowing

Answer 29

oral
pharyngeal
esophageal

Question 30

are exocrine glands responsible for producing saliva

Answer 30

salivary glands

Question 31

major functions of salivary glands

Answer 31

moistening oral cavity
facilitating digestion
protecting teeth from decay

Question 32

largest salivary glands located NEAR THE EAR.

Answer 32

parotid gland

Question 33

located beneath the jaw, around the floor of the mouth. produce both serous (watery) and mucous (thicker) saliva

Answer 33

submandibular

Question 34

smallest of the major salivary gland. located UNDER THE TONGUE

Answer 34

sublingual glands

Question 35

scattered throughout the oral cavity (lips, cheeks, palate)

Answer 35

minor salivary glands

Question 36

forms the majority of saliva

Answer 36

water (99%)

Question 37

begins the digestion of carbohydrates

Answer 37

enzyme

Question 38

contributes to antimicrobial defense

Answer 38

lysosome

Question 39

glycoproteins that help lubricate the mouth and food

Answer 39

mucins

Question 40

includes sodium, potassium, calcium and bicarbonate, which are important for maintaining the pH and ionic balance of saliva

Answer 40

electrolytes.