ORAL PHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM Flashcards
to bite and grind or crush with the teeth
chewing
mastication is defined as the act of _______
chewing food
what are the 4 movements of jaw?
depression of jaw
elevation of jaw
protraction of jaw
retraction of jaw
the process of swallowing also known as ________. involves the movement of substances from the MOUTH (ORAL CAVITY) TO PHARYNX AND ESOPHAGUS
deglutition
initial part of the digestive system. it includes lips, cheeks, gums, teeth, tongue, and the roof and floor of the mouth.
oral cavity
MUSCULAR TUBE that connects the oral cavity to the esophagus and the larynx.
pharynx
HOLLOW TUBE in the middle of your neck, just above your trachea (windpipe) and esophagus.
larynx
muscles involves in chewing
temporalis, masseter, and medial pterygoid muscle.
achieved through contraction of the posterior temporalis, suprahyoid, and infrahyoid muscles.
retrusion
ipsilateral contraction of primary the posterior fibers of the temporalis muscles.
lateral movements
involves crushing food and mixing it with saliva to form bolus for swallowing
mastication
refers to the way your upper and lower teeth come together when you bite or chew.
dental occlusion
3 development of the dentition
- primary dentition
- mixed dentition
- permanent dentition
also known as baby teeth or milk teeth, consists of 20 teeth that typically begin to emerge around 6 months of age.
primary dentition
the first teeth to appear, usually between 6-12 months
incisors
appear between 12-18 months, followed by the second set of molars around 24-30 months
molars
erupts between 16-24 months
canines
dentition stage occurs between approximately 6-12 years of age when both primary and permanent teeth are present
mixed dentition
erupt first, starting around 6 age, known as the SIX-YEAR MOLAR
permanent 1st molar
this period is crucial as it sets the foundation for the final alignment of teeth
transition
good occlusion contributes to a pleasing smile and proper alignment of teeth
aesthetic impact
refers to the relationship between the upper and lower teeth when the mouth is closed, specifically during lateral movements.
lateral occlusal relations
where small amounts of enamel are reshaped to improve the way the teeth come into contact
occlusal adjustment
refers to the balanced alignment of teeth that ensures even distribution of forces during chewing
occlusal stability
refers to the changes the nervous system undergoes in response to variation in occlusion
adaption
when teeth come into contact in a way that disrupts normal function or causes discomfort.
occlusal interference
is the space between the upper and lower jaws when the teeth are in occlusion
vertical dimensions
movements and functions of the oral structure, including the lips, tongue, and jaw.
oral motor behavior
stages of swallowing
oral
pharyngeal
esophageal
are exocrine glands responsible for producing saliva
salivary glands
major functions of salivary glands
moistening oral cavity
facilitating digestion
protecting teeth from decay
largest salivary glands located NEAR THE EAR.
parotid gland
located beneath the jaw, around the floor of the mouth. produce both serous (watery) and mucous (thicker) saliva
submandibular
smallest of the major salivary gland. located UNDER THE TONGUE
sublingual glands
scattered throughout the oral cavity (lips, cheeks, palate)
minor salivary glands
forms the majority of saliva
water (99%)
begins the digestion of carbohydrates
enzyme
contributes to antimicrobial defense
lysosome
glycoproteins that help lubricate the mouth and food
mucins
includes sodium, potassium, calcium and bicarbonate, which are important for maintaining the pH and ionic balance of saliva
electrolytes.
