GENERAL PATHOLOGY SEMI FINAL Flashcards
meaning of NEOPLASIA
neo means NEW, plagia means GROWTH
NEW GROWTH
disorder of cell growth that is triggered by a series of acquired mutations affecting a single cell and its clonal progeny
NEOPLASM
these abnormal cells is independent of physiological growth stimuli of the body this is called?
autonomous nature of neoplasm
synonym for the word neoplasm and the study of tumors is known as?
oncology
what are the 2 main classification of tumors?
- BENIGN (non-cancerous and manageable)
- MALIGNANT (cancerous, invasive, and capable of metastasis)
what are the 2 essential components of both benign and malignant tumors?
- tumor parenchyma (proliferating neoplastic cells)
- reactive stroma (supportive connective tissue)
it is the spread of cancer cells from the original tumor site to distant parts of the body
METASTASIS
extremely fatal over benign tumors causing significant morbidity and mortality
malignant tumors
tumors stromal support is high with abundant collagen is called?
desmaplasia
benign tumor of fibrous tissue is called?
fibroma
benign tumor of cartilage tissue is called?
chondroma
benign tumor of smooth muscle tissue is called?
leiomyoma
benign tumor of skeletal muscle is called?
rhabdomyoma
neoplasms derived from grandular epithelium are called?
adenomas
finger-like projections from epithelial surfaces are called?
papillomas
the nine epithelial neoplasms that produce cystic masses are called?
cystenomas
epithelial neoplasms producing papillary patterns that protrude into a cystic space that are commonly seen in the parotid gland are called
papillary cyst adenomas
malignant tumors arising in mesenchymal tissues are called
sarcomas
malignant tumors of fibrous tissue are called
fibrosarcomas
malignant tumors of cartilage tissue are called
chondrosarcomas
malignant tumors of smooth muscle tissue are called
leiomyosarcomas
malignant tumors of skeletal muscle tissue are called
rhabdomyosarcomas
malignant tumors arising from blood forming cells are called
leukemias or lymphomas
malignant tumors of epithelial cell origin are called
carcinomas
malignant tumor of plasma cells is called
meloma
malignant tumor of melanocytes is called
melanoma
malignant tumor of mesothelium is called
mesothelioma
there are a group of neoplasms called —— that contain different types of cells
mixed tumors
tumors that have cells representing more than a single germ cell layer
- this type of tumors develop as a result of a mutation in a totally potent stem cell
teratomas
extent to which neoplastic cells resemble the normal cells both morphologically and functionally
- the tumor cells same as the normal cells or not well differentiated cells resemble the normal cells of the tissue
differentiation
means lack of differentiation and often hallmark of malignancy
anaplasia
secondary tumor implants that are discontinous with the primary tumor and are located in remote tissue
metastases
function of these genes is to produce that regulate normal cell proliferation and differentiation in cancer
proto-oncogenes
have the ability to promote cell growth in the absence of normal growth promoting signals
oncoproteins
genes which encode proteins that regulate cell cycle checkpoints when a dna damaged cell undergoes division
tumor suppressor
these are specific dna sequences that bind with protective proteins
- main function of telomeres is to prevent enzymatic degradation of chromosomal ends and to maintain genomic stability in normal cell
telomeres
formation of new blood vessels is called
angioegenesis
metastatic cascade is divided into two phases invasion ——
- extracellular matrix
- vascular dissemination
homing of tumor cells and colonization metastasis is the process of producing tumor deposits at a site distant to initial mass
vascular dissemination
