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3rd year, 1st sem > PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM > Flashcards

PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

the study of what the body does to the drug.
- processes of drug undergoes as it reaches and leaves the site of action

A

PHARMACOKINETICS

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2
Q

movement of drugs from an area of HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION WITHOUT ENERGY requiring.

A

PASSIVE DIFFUSION

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3
Q

measure of the rate and extent of drug into the systemic circulation

A

BIOVAILABILITY

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4
Q

where does most drug metabolism occur?

A

LIVER

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5
Q

a family of enzymes that play a key role in phase 1 metabolism

A

CYTOCHROME

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6
Q

drug administration equals the rate of elimination, typically 4-5 half-lives.

A

STEADY STATE

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7
Q

higher initial dose of drug given to quickly reach therapeutic levels

A

LOADING DOSE

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8
Q

constant drug
16%
most drug
curve graph

A

1ST ORDER

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9
Q

non constant drug
independent concentration
25% - 50%
straight graph

A

ZERO ORDER

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10
Q

to determine duration of action steady state concentration

A

HALF- LIFE

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11
Q

drugs move from high to low concentration with the HELP OF CARRIER PROTEINS but NON ENERGY REQUIRING

Ex; VITAMIN B12

A

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

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12
Q

the movement of drugs across membranes against the concentration with the ENERGY REQUIRING

A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

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13
Q

process where large drug molecules are ENGULFED by the cell membrane

A

ENDOCYTOSIS

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14
Q

it is a CELL DRINKING

A

PINOCYTOSIS

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15
Q

it is a CELL EATING

A

PHAGOCYTOSIS

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16
Q

measures of HOW MUCH
- most important

A

AUC

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17
Q

UNMASK a polar functional groups

A

PHASE 1

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18
Q

ADDITION of polar group.

A

PHASE 2

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19
Q

release of drug from the dosage form

A

LIBERATION

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20
Q

pharmacotechnical factors of liberation

A
  1. DISINTEGRATION
  2. DISSOLUTION
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21
Q

movement of GI concentration to the small intestine.

A

GET

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22
Q

drugs that increase GI motility

A
  1. METOCLOPRAMIDE
  2. DOMPERIDONE
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23
Q

drugs that decrease GI motility

A
  1. ANTICHOLINERGICS
  2. OPIOIDS
24
Q

allows determination of the absolute amount of drug absorbed from an EXTRAVASCULAR administered drug product.

A

ABSOLUTE BIOVAILABILITY

25
Q

two or more different dosage forms given by the same route of administration

A

RELATIVE BIOVAILABILITY

26
Q

maximum plasma concentration reached.
most variable

A

CMAX

27
Q

time it takes to reach the Cmax.
least important
measure of rate

A

TMAX

28
Q

similarity of the BA of a drug (generic) to the BA of another drug taken as the standard (innovator)

A

BIOEQUIVALENCE

29
Q

REVERSIBLE TRANSFER OF DRUG from the systemic circulation to the site of action.

A

DISTRIBUTION

30
Q

fraction of the cardiac output that reaches a specific tissue or organ

A

REGIONAL BLOOD FLOW

31
Q

hypothetical (apparent) volume of the body fluids required to dissolve a given amount of drug to a concentration equal to that of plasma concentration

A

VOLUME IOF DISTRIBUTION

32
Q

active, ADME

A

unbound (free) drug

33
Q

ADME

A

bound drug

34
Q

Acidic drug

A

ALBUMIN

35
Q

basic drug

ex drug: Globulin

A

ALPHA 1- ACID GLYCOPROTEIN

36
Q

hormones drug

A

GLOBULIN

37
Q

aka. biotransformation
- primary objective to convert a drug to INACTIVE, NONTOXIC, POLAR/WATER-SOLUBLE

A

METABOLISM

38
Q

initial metabolism before the drug reaches the systemic circulation

effect: decrease biovailability of drug

A

FIRST PASS EFFECT/ FIRST PASS METABOLISM

39
Q

valproic acid
isoniazid
acute alcoholism
azole antifungals
fluoroquinolones

inhibitors of?

A

ENZYME INHIBITOR

40
Q

decrease metabolism activity

A

ENZYME INHIBITION

41
Q

increase metabolic activity

A

ENZYME INDUCTION

42
Q

phenytoin, phenobarbital
rifampicin
carbamazepine
griseofulvin
chronic alcoholism

A

ENZYME INDUCERS OF enzyme induction

43
Q

carboxylic acids
salicylic acid
benzoic acid

A

glycine conjuction of phase 2

44
Q

macrolide, amiodarone, CCB, azole antifungals, proteases inhibitor, antihistamine

A

CYP3A4

45
Q

codeine, dextromethorphan, most antidepressant and ANTI-PSYCHOTICS, debrisoquin

A

CYP2D6

46
Q

phenytoin, sulfonylureas, S- Warfarin

A

CYP2C9

47
Q

propranolol, PPI, clopidogrel

A

CYP2C19

48
Q

acetaminophen, theophylline, caffeine

A

CYP1A2

49
Q

what are the 4 main processes of pharmacokinetics?

A
  1. absorption
  2. distribution
  3. metabolism
  4. elimination
50
Q

the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream

A

absorption

51
Q

name 4 ways drugs are absorbed

A
  1. passive diffusion
  2. facilitated diffusion
  3. active transport
  4. endocytosis
52
Q

the process of removing the drug from the body, primarily through the kidneys, liver, and bile.

A

drug elimination

53
Q

mnemonic helps remember the important ENZYME INDUCERS in drug metabolism

A

PCRABS - phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol (chronic use), barbiturates, St. Johns Wort

54
Q

mnemonic helps remember the important ENZYME INHIBITORS in drug metabolism

A

GPACMAN - grapefruit, protease inhibitors, azole antifungals, cimetidine, macrolides, amiodarone, non -dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil)

55
Q

mechanism of drug movement across the cell membrane

A

transport process

3rd year, 1st sem (7 decks)

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