Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3 Psych > Pharmacology of Antidepressants and Mood Stabilisers > Flashcards

Pharmacology of Antidepressants and Mood Stabilisers Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

which drugs diffuse most effectively across the blood brain barrier

A

hydrophobic/lipophilic

need to diffuse through the fatty barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what do psychiatric drugs need to pass through to be effective

A

blood brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

clinical uses of antidepressants

A 
Moderate to severe depression 
Dysthymia 
Generalised anxiety disorder 
Panic disorder, OCT, PTSD
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder 
Bulimia nervosa 
Neuropathic pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the types of antidepressants

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Monoamine reuptake inhibitors

  • tricyclics
  • SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)
  • noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are monoamines

A

dopamine
noradrenaline
seratonin (5HT)

(serotonin and noradrenaline are the ones antidepressants effect most)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the monoamine hypothesis

A

depression results from a functional defect of monoamine transmitters
(especially serotonin and noradrenaline)

drugs which deplete monoamine stores cause low mood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where does serotonin originate/travel

A

rostral area of the midbrain - then projects around the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does serotonin (5HT) impact

A 
mood 
sleep 
feeding 
behaviour 
sensory perception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the base monoamine (where they originate from)

A

tryptophan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how is serotonin produced

A 
tryptophan 
-converted by tryptophan hydroxyls 
to 5 OH Tryptophan 
-L-AA decarboxylase converts it to 
5HT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does noradrenaline impact

A

arousal

emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how ado monoamine oxidase inhibitors work (MAO inhibitor)

A

inhibit monoamine oxidase enzyme which breaks down neurotransmitter into metabolites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

examples of MAO inhibitors

A

Phenelzine

Moclobemide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which MAO inhibitor is reversible

A

moclobemide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which MAO inhibitor is irreversible

A

Phenelzine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

side effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors

A
  • ‘Cheese reaction’ - hypertensive crisis (caused by inhibition of monoamine oxidase enzyme in gut preventing breakdown od dietary tyramine)
  • potentiates effects of other drugs by decreasing their metabolism
  • insomnia
  • postural hypotension
  • peripheral oedema
17
Q

what kind of symptoms are caused by tricyclics

A

anticholingeric side effects

18
Q

what kind of anti depression would you NOT give to someone with an ischaemic heart disease history

A

Tricyclics - they are cardiotoxic

19
Q

what kind of anti depression would you NOT give to someone with an ischaemic heart disease history

A

Tricyclics - they are cardiotoxic - cause tachycardia, arrhythmia, postural hypotension

20
Q

what are some examples of tricyclics

A

Impiramine
Dosulepin
Amitriptyline
Lofepramine

21
Q

how do tricyclics work

A

block noradrenaline transporter taking noradrenaline back to the presynaptic neurone to be reuptaken so it stays in the synapse

22
Q

how do SSRIs work

A

blocks serotonin transporter taking serotonin back to the presynaptic neurone to be reuptaken so it stays in the synapse

23
Q

examples of SSRIs

A

Fluoxetine
Citalopram/escitalopram
Setraline
Paroxetine

24
Q

Side effects of SSRIs

A 
nausea 
headache 
sweating/vivid dreams 
worsened anxiety 
sexual dysfunction 
hyponatraemia (in elderly) 
transient increase in self-harm/suicidal ideation in young people
effects come back when you stop them too
25
Q

what are other monoamine reuptake inhibitors

A

SNRIs

venlafaxine, duloxetine

26
Q

how do SNRIs and dual reuptake inhibitors work

A

block reuptake of monoamines into presynaptic terminals

similar side effects to SSRIs
lack major receptor blocker actions so more limited range of side effects than tricyclics

27
Q

what is mirtazapine

A

atypical antidepressant

  • blocks post-synaptic serotonin receptors
  • blocks seretenergic side effects if given with SSRIs
28
Q

side effects or mirtazapine

A

weight gain + sedation

29
Q

what is the most effective antidepressant

A

isn’t one - all similar clinical efficiency

depends what causes the least side effects in different people

only effective in moderate-severe depression

30
Q

whats the aims of bipolar disorder treatments

A

Reduce mood in mania
Raise mood in depression

long term - stabilise mood and prevent recurrence of mania and depression

31
Q

what side effects suggests lithium levels are in a toxic range

A

ataxia

32
Q

how is lithium metabolised

A

it isn’t bc its an element and elements are not metabolism

excreted in urine as lithium

33
Q

what happens to lithium levels in dehydration

A

they are increased (Na and lithium are indistinguishable to renal tubules)

34
Q

how does lithium work

A

mood stabiliser

blocks phosphatidylinostitol pathways or inhibits glycogen synthesis

35
Q

side effects of lithium

A 
dry mouth/strange taste 
polydipsia & polyuria 
tremor 
hypothyroidism 
long term reduced renal function 
nephrogenic diabetes insidious 
weight gain
36
Q

toxic effects of lithium

A 
vomiting 
diarrhoea 
ataxia/coarse tremor 
drowsiness 
convulsions 
coma
37
Q

which mood stabiliser do you do NOT give to women trying to get pregnant

A

Valporic acid

(an anticonvulsant as a mood stabiliser) - mode of action unclear- may block overactive pathways

38
Q

side effects of anticonvulsants

A

valproate & carbamazepine - - drowsiness, ataxia, cardiovascular effects, induced liver enzymes

valporate- teratogenicity

lamotrigine - very small risk of Stevens Johnson syndrome

3 Psych (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions