Learning Disability Flashcards
how does a learning disability impact life expectancy
Females - 18 year lower life expectancy
males - 14 year lower life expectancy
how does learning disability affect future morbidities
26x more likely to have epilepsy 8x more likely to have mental illness 5x more likely to have dementia 3x more likely to have hypothyroidism 2x more likely to have diabetes, heart failure, stroke, CKD
what is a learning disability
Condition of arrest or incomplete development of the mind, which is especially characterised by impairment of skills, manifested during the developmental period, which contribute to the overall level of intelligence ie. cognitive, language, motor and social abilities
criteria for a learning disability
IQ <70
Developmental aetiology <18 years old
Deficits in adaptive functioning
what is used for psychometric assessment of people with learning disabilities
Wechsler adult intelligence scale
Wschsler intelligence scale for children
what percentage of the general population have an IQ <70
2.5-3%
Only 20% of these patients are registered as such on their GP
what is the Flynn effect
average rate of increase seems to be about 3 IQ points per decade as scaled by Wschsler tests
10 points per generation
how to tell if someone has a learning disability
may be immediately apparent
information from self/carers
history of special schooling
behaviour, communication
what is a borderline learning disability
IQ range 70-84
Mental age 12-under 15
what is a mild learning disability
IQ range 50-69 mental age 9-under 12 most common delayed speech full independence difficulties reading and writing capable of unskilled or semi skilled work problems if social or emotional immaturity rarely organic aetiology
what is a moderate learning disability
IQ range 35-49 Mental age 6-9 years Slow with comprehension and language Limited achievements Delayed self care and motor skills Simple practical tasks - with supervision Usually fully mobile Discrepant profiles Major organic aetiology Epilepsy and physical disability common
what is a severe LD
1Q range 20-24
mental age 3-6
epilepsy
what is a profound LD
IQ <20 mental age <3 severe limitation in ability to understand or comply with requests or instructions little of no self care severe mobility restriction
learning disability vs difficulty
disability - generalised lower IQ
difficulty - specific problem eg. dyslexia
What are some associated features of learning disabilities
Social impact -discrimination -family dysfunction -sexual abuse -different appearance -poor employment -low expectation of success -stigma -poor educational provisions -autistic spectrum disorder Physical implications -physical disability -sensory problems -mobility problems Health problems -mental illness -epilepsy -substance misuse -physical illness
