Pharmacology ILOs Flashcards
Under what circumstances would Vancomycin be given orally?
C. difficile infection
Give 3 adverse effects of Vancomycin
Red Man syndrome
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Define Type I hypersensitivity and give examples of 2 conditions
An immediate response worsened with repeated exposure, caused by IgE binding to mast cells
Asthma + Eczema
Define anaphylaxis
Systemic type I hypersensitivity involving widespread mast cell degranulation causing soft tissue swelling and shock by loss of circulatory volume
Define Type II hypersensitivity
A common cause of AI conditions caused by IgG or IgM binding directed against human cells
Define Type III hypersensitivity
Mediated by immune complexes bound to soluble antigens, a cause of AI conditions and drug allergy
(Perivascular inflammation due to aggregation in small vessels)
Define type IV hypersensitivity
A delayed hypersensitivity days after exposure by the action of lymphocyte infiltration
Define bullous pemphigoid
Attack of the BM of epidermis by IgG +/- IgE activated by T cells
Describe skin features of bullous pemphigoid and give 3 drug triggers
Non-specific rash weeks before blistering occurs
- Gliptin
- Furosemide
- Penicillin
Describe a morbilliform rash and state its most common drug trigger
Maculopapular rash due to penicillin
Describe a Lichenoid rash and give 2 common drug triggers
Extensive symmetrical rash over trunk and limbs
- ACEI
- Beta blockers
Give 2 drug causes of a drug induced psoriasiform rash
Lithium and beta blockers
What is Steven Johnson syndrome and what differentiated it from TEN?
SJS: life threatening widespread mucosal loss, drug induced
SJS: <10% skin involvement
TEN: > 30% skin involvement
Give 3 drug triggers of SJS/TEN
Penicillin
Allopurinol
NSAIDs
Give 3 symptoms and 3 treatment options of SJS/TEN
Fever, macules, blisters
Tx: ITU, fluid balance, stop offending drug
