Medicine (Weight loss) Flashcards
Give the 3 classifications of weight loss
5% loss = mild
5-10% loss = moderate
>10% loss = high
In history taking, give 4 systems which need to be investigated in the systemic enquiry
GI
Endocrine
Psychological
Neurological
Give 4 examinations which should be considered when someone presents with weight loss
- Neck exam
- PR
- Breast
- Brief Cardio/resp/GI
Give 4 blood tests and one imaging option to be considered in weight loss
FBC, U&E, TFT, Bone profile
CXR
Define sarcopenia
A major component of frailty, the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength as a result of aging
Give the SIGECAPS symptoms of depression
Sleep disorder Interest deficit Guilt Energy deficit Concentration deficit Appetite disorder Psychomotor agitation Suicidality
Give 2 drug treatment options for depression
- Sertraline (SSRI)
2. Mirtazapine (SNRL)
Give 3 ways in which neurological disorders can cause weight loss
- Abnormal movement (calorie deficit)
- Decreased appetite
- Dysphagia
What pathology a shuffling gait and freezing tend to represent?
Extra-pyramidal disease
What examination test can be used to assess a proprioception defect?
Romberg’s test
Describe the symptoms fo a cerebellar pathology (DANISH)
Dysdiadochokinesia Ataxia Nystagmus on eye movement Intention tremor Slurred speech Hypotonia/heel toe test
Define Parkinson’s disease
- Progressive neurological condition caused by death of dopamine secreting neurons within substantia nigra of the brain
Give 3 classes of drug treatment for Parkinson’s
Levodopa
Dopamine agonists
MAO B inhibitors
Define Multiple Sclerosis and give 3 symptoms
Demyelination of neuron sheaths
- Pins and needles
- Visual disturbance
- Ataxia
Give 3 signs of MS on examination
Spasticity
Hyper-reflexia
Upgoing plantars
What 2 things may be found in CSF from a LP in MS?
Increased protein
Oligoclonal bands
What is Uhthoff’s phenomenon?
Temporary worsening of symptoms following exposure to heat in MS
What is Lhermitte’s sign?
Electrical sensation that runs down the back when bending the neck in MS
Define motor neurone disease and give 3 symptoms
Rare neurodegenerative disorders that selectively affect motor neurones
- Weakness
- Speech Problems
- Cognitive impairment
Give 3 signs which may be seen on examination in motor neurone disease
- Fasciculations
- Brisk reflexes
- Increased tone
What is the main diagnostic test for motor neurone disease?
Nerve conduction studies
Define Huntington’s disease and give 3 symptoms
Autosomal dominant neurodegenerative condition with genetic anticipation
- Chorea
- Dystonia
- Slow eye movement
Which test confirms a diagnosis of Huntington’s disease?
Genetic testing
Give 3 drugs used to relieve the symptoms of Huntington’s disease
Anti-psychotics
Anti-Depressants
Mood stabilisers
Give 3 drugs used to relieve the symptoms of motor neurone disease
Baclofen
Anticholinergics
Anti-depressants
Give 3 drugs used to relieve the symptoms of MS
- Rituximab
- Analgesia
- Neuropathic pain relief
