pharmacology for infectious and neoplastic conditions Flashcards
week 11
anticancer drugs (aklylating agents)
alkylating agents exert their primary cytotoxic effects by inducing binding within DNA strangs and by preventing DNA function and replication
anticancer drugs (antimetabolites)
certain anticancer drugs are structurally similar to these endogenous metabolites and compete with these compounds during DNA/RNA biosynthesis. these drugs are therefore called antimetabolites because they interfere with the noraml metabolites during cellular biosynthesis
anticancer drugs (antibiotics)
several anticancer drugs are chemically classified as antibiotics but are usually reserved for eoplastic diseases becuase of their relatively high toxicity
anticancer drugs
platinum coordinated complexes
are drugs that act like alkylating agents; they for mstrong cross links between and within DNA strands, thereby preventing DNA translation and replication
anti cancer drugs
targeted and biological therapies
certain anticancer drugs are classified as “targeted” therapies because they attempt to seek out and inhibit biochemical characteristics that are unique to the cencer cell
anticancer drugs
anticancer hormones
adrenocorticosteroids and sex hormones (androgens, estrogens, progesterone may influence the proliferation of certain tumors
why are drugs that either mimic or block (antagonize) the effects of sex hormones useful in treating certain hormone sensitive forms of cancer?
because andrenocorticosteroids and sex hormones may influence the proliferation of certain tumors
anticancer drugs
antineoplastic drugs
typically limit excessive growth and proliferation of cancer cells by impairing DNA synthesis and function or by directly limited cell division (mitosis)
common adverse side effects of anticancer drugs
- GI distress
- blood disorders (anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia)
- CNS effects (lethargy, headaches, anxiety, confusion)
- skin rash
- hair loss
antivirals
the disease and the drugs to treate HIV/AIDS can cause
peripheral neuropathy
myopathy
immunosuppressants are toxis and often cause several adverse effects to?
kidneys, llungs, MSK system, other tissues
immunosuppressants can prevent the rejection of transplants or treat specific diseased caused by?
autoimmune response
common immunosuppressive agents
Generic name: antibodies
trade name: name varies according to specific lymphocyte targets
prevention/treatment of transplant rejection:
disease that have an autoimmune response:
prevention/treatment of transplant rejection: bone marrow; other organs
autoimmune response: idiopathic thrombocytic purpura; other hemolytic disorders
Generic name: azathioprine
trade name: imuran
prevention/treatment of transplant rejection:
disease that have an autoimmune response:
- kidney; heart; liver; pancreas
- rhematoid arthrtis; inflammatory bowl disease; myasthenia gravis; systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); others
Generic name: cyclophosphamide
trade name: cytoxan; neosar
prevention/treatment of transplant rejection:
disease that have an autoimmune response:
- bone marrow; other organ transplants
- RA, MS, SLE, dermatomyositis, glomerulonephritis, hematologic disorders
Generic name: cyclosporine
trade name: neoral; sandimmune
prevention/treatment of transplant rejection:
disease that have an autoimmune response:
- kidney; liver; heart; lung; pancreas; bone marrow
- psoriasis; RA; nephrotics syndrome
Generic name: everolimus
trade name: zortress
prevention/treatment of transplant rejection:
disease that have an autoimmune response:
- kidney
- Rheumatoid arthritis
Generic name: gluccorticoids
trade name: name varies
prevention/treatment of transplant rejection:
disease that have an autoimmune response:
- heart; kidney; liver; bone marrow
- MS, RA, SLE, IBS, hemolytic disorders, others
glucocorticoids typically produce a catabolic effect on?
- collagenous tissues
- breakdown of muscle, bone skin
- hypertension
- adrenocortical suppression
- growth redardation in chilren
- increased change of infection
- glaucoma
- decreased glucose tolerance
- gastric ulcer
what is a catabolic effect?
Catabolism, on the other hand, breaks down complex molecules and releases energy which is available for the body to use.
what type of patients may be taking drugs to prevent tissue rejection?
those who have received autologous grafts, such as skin grafts for treating burns and bone marrow transplants during the treatment of certain cancers.
patients who have received a heart, liver, kidney or other organ transplants will be placed on?
immunosuppressants
how will immunosuppressants affect a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
they will be better able to participate in strengthening and ROM
some immunosuppressant drugs can cause serious toxic effects on
MSK system, CNS and other organs and tissues
what drugs can cause peripheral neuropathies and CNS related problmes in balance and posture?
immunosuppressant drugs
glucocorticoids effects on bone health?
Steroids can lead to bone loss, osteoporosis, and broken bone
loop diuretics and bone health?
Loop diuretics can increase the risk of bone loss and fractures, especially in older people. This is because they increase the amount of calcium excreted in urine
anti-epileptics and bone health
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can increase the risk of bone disease, including osteoporosis and fractures. This is because some AEDs can alter the body’s use and breakdown of vitamin D, which is important for absorbing calcium
