CNS

Question 1

brain

what are the surface lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 1

1. frontal lobe
2. temporal lobe
3. parietal lobe
4. occipital lobe

Question 2

brain

the outer cerebrum has the cerebral cortex which is responsible for?

Answer 2

sensory and motor functions
intellectual and cognitive abilities

Question 3

brain

cerebrum

Answer 3

largest part, R and L hemispheres of teh brain, cerebral cortex, memory, speech, supervises lower brain function and ANS

Question 4

brain

what part of the brain edoes pharamacologic effects of drugs with indrect influence on cortical function and alters lower brain and spinal cord happen?

Answer 4

cerebrum

Question 5

brain

basal ganglia location

Answer 5

deep within cerebral hemispheres

Question 6

brain

what part of the brain is associated with parkinsons and huntingtons chorea?

Answer 6

basal ganglia

Question 7

brain

part of the brain that includes thalamus and hypothalamus

Answer 7

diencephalon

Question 8

brain

nuclei that integrates sensation (somatosensroy cortex)

Answer 8

thalamus

Question 9

brain

part of the brain that controls temperature, appetite, water balance, certain emotional reactionis, hormonal release from pituitary gland

Answer 9

hypothalamus

Question 10

brain

mesencephalon

Answer 10

midbrain (serves as bridge between cerebrum and diencephalon)

Question 11

brain

includes the pones and medulla oblangata

Answer 11

brainstem

Question 12

brain

part of the brain taht is associated with repiration and cardiovascular function

Answer 12

mesencephalon and brain stem

Question 13

brain

part of the brain that pharmacologic effects include sedative and excitatory drugs effect the retucular formation neurons

Answer 13

mesencephalon and brain stem

Question 14

brain

comprised of neurons that extend from spinal cord to midbrain to thalamus, monitors and controls consciousness, regulates arousal/altertness

Answer 14

reticular formation

Question 15

brain

part of the brain where functions include plan and coordinate motor activity, actual vs intended movement, interprets sensory input and motor output, controls balance and posture

Answer 15

cerebellum

Question 16

brain

part of the brain that is usually not targeted by pharmacologic effects

Answer 16

cerebellum

Question 17

brain

part of the brain associated with pharmacologic effects that include antianxiety and antipsychotic medications

Answer 17

limbic system

Question 18

brain

motivatioin, aggression, sexual activity is associated with which part of the brain?

Answer 18

limbic system

Question 19

cns

part of the body associated with pharmacoloiigc effects taht include synaptic transmissioin of gray matter and white matter

Answer 19

spinal cord

Question 20

CNS

associated with pharmacologic effects that include passing through bloodstream into the brain and spinal cord with endogenous transport system

Answer 20

blood brain barrier

Question 21

CNS

lipid-soluble molecules that pass freely through the endothelial cells of the BBB without requiring energy

Answer 21

passive transport system

Question 22

CNS

type of passive transport that uses specialized protein channels or carriers to help specific water-soluble molecules cross the BBB, such as glucose and amino acids

Answer 22

facilitated diffusion

Question 23

CNS

energy dependent process that moves molecules against their concentration gradient, typically requiring ATP. crucual for transporting essential nutrients and ions that the brain needs

Answer 23

active transport

Question 24

CNS

allows larger molecules or complexes, such as hormones and antibodies to enter the brain

Answer 24

endocytosis

Question 25

# CNS type of neurotransmitter in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limibc, thalmaic, spinal interneurons

Answer 25

acetylcholine

Question 26

# CNS excitatory neurotransmitters ## Footnote mneumonic : excitatory neurotrasmitters are GAS-E

Answer 26

acetylocholine glutamate substance P enkephalins

Question 27

# CNS type of neurotransmitter in neurosn origniating in the brainstem and hypothalamus that projects throughout other areas of brain

Answer 27

norepinephrine

Question 28

# CNS type of neurotransmitter in basal ganglia and limbic system only (inhibitory response)

Answer 28

dopamine ## Footnote the inhibitory response comes into play strictly for growth hormone (inhibitory) and prolactin inhibation

Question 29

# CNS a neurotransmitter assocaited with movement, attention and learning and the brains pleasure and reward system

Answer 29

dopamine

Question 30

# CNS type of neurotransmitter that project upward from brainstem to hypothalamus and downward to spinal cord

Answer 30

seratonin

Question 31

# name the neurotransmitter a neurotransmitter that affects mood, hunger, sleep, arousal; linked to depression and treated by prozac

Answer 31

seratonin

Question 32

# name the neurotransmitter a major inhibitory neurotransmitter. undersupply linked to seuzures, tremors and insomnia

Answer 32

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

Question 33

# name the neurotransmitter inhibitor that is essential for regulating motor control and reflexes, reducing muscle spasticity, and providing a balance to excitatory signals from other neurotransmitters

Answer 33

glycine

Question 34

# CNS mechanisms -type of transmission what is the general mehcanism of CNS drugs?

Answer 34

modify synaptic transmission

Question 35

# name the neurotransmitters neurotransmitters in CNS effected by sedative-hypnotic drugs ## Footnote There are 5

Answer 35

GABA, gluatamate, serotonin, melatonin, histamine

Question 36

# name the drug type of CNS drug that is associated with depressant, treatment for epilepsy, muscle relaxation and decrease alertness

Answer 36

sedative-hypnotic

Question 37

# name the type of drug a category of drugs taht includes the barbiturates and benzodiazepines, drugs that diminish feelings of anxiety

Answer 37

antianxiety drugs

Question 38

# name the drug the most common group of antianxiety drugs, which includes valium and xanax (promotes sleep)

Answer 38

benzodiazepines

Question 39

# name the drug highly addictive, small therapeutic index

Answer 39

nonbenzodiazepines ## Footnote *10x the dose can be fatal

Question 40

when a drug has a small therapuetic index what does that mean?

Answer 40

only very very litttle needed - for example nonbenzodiazepines are small TI and if 10x the recommended dose is taken it can be fatal

Question 41

disturbance in CNS, neurotransmission taht effects serotonin, norepinephrine and dompamine

Answer 41

depression

Question 42

drugs that increases teh presence of amine neurotransmitters in teh synaptic cleft

Answer 42

antidepressant

Question 43

pharmacokinetics of antidepressants ## Footnote include: administration, target organ, metabolism and excretion

Answer 43

admin: oral target organ: brain metabolism: liver excretion: kidney

Question 44

disturbance and impaired perception of reality. more severe form of mental illness

Answer 44

psychosis

Question 45

a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distored perceptions

Answer 45

psychosis

Question 46

a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression

Answer 46

schizophrenia

Question 47

most common psychosis, overactivity of dopamine pathways in the limbic system

Answer 47

schzophrenia

Question 48

chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity. cerebral neurons that are hyperexcitable

Answer 48

epilepsy

Question 49

drug that suppresses the excitability of neurons that initiate seizures. decrease Na+ and Ca++ entry

Answer 49

antiepileptic drugs

Question 50

movement disorder with resting tremor, bradykinesia, postural instability and rigidity. neuortransmitter imbalance in basal ganglia (dopamine deficiency)

Answer 50

parkinsons disease

Question 51

parkinsons disease has a deficiency of which neurotransmitter?

Answer 51

dopamine

Question 52

dopamine precursor: used in parkinsonism. usually combine with carbidopa

Answer 52

levodopa

Question 53

what is levadopa?

Answer 53

peripheral inhibitor of dopamine metabolism

Question 54

what is bradykinesia

Answer 54

execusion of movement (kinesia) is slow (brady)