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pharmacology > CNS > Flashcards

CNS Flashcards

1
Q

brain

what are the surface lobes of the cerebrum?

A
  1. frontal lobe
  2. temporal lobe
  3. parietal lobe
  4. occipital lobe
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2
Q

brain

the outer cerebrum has the cerebral cortex which is responsible for?

A

sensory and motor functions
intellectual and cognitive abilities

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3
Q

brain

cerebrum

A

largest part, R and L hemispheres of teh brain, cerebral cortex, memory, speech, supervises lower brain function and ANS

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4
Q

brain

what part of the brain edoes pharamacologic effects of drugs with indrect influence on cortical function and alters lower brain and spinal cord happen?

A

cerebrum

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5
Q

brain

basal ganglia location

A

deep within cerebral hemispheres

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6
Q

brain

what part of the brain is associated with parkinsons and huntingtons chorea?

A

basal ganglia

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7
Q

brain

part of the brain that includes thalamus and hypothalamus

A

diencephalon

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8
Q

brain

nuclei that integrates sensation (somatosensroy cortex)

A

thalamus

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9
Q

brain

part of the brain that controls temperature, appetite, water balance, certain emotional reactionis, hormonal release from pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

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10
Q

brain

mesencephalon

A

midbrain (serves as bridge between cerebrum and diencephalon)

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11
Q

brain

includes the pones and medulla oblangata

A

brainstem

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12
Q

brain

part of the brain taht is associated with repiration and cardiovascular function

A

mesencephalon and brain stem

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13
Q

brain

part of the brain that pharmacologic effects include sedative and excitatory drugs effect the retucular formation neurons

A

mesencephalon and brain stem

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14
Q

brain

comprised of neurons that extend from spinal cord to midbrain to thalamus, monitors and controls consciousness, regulates arousal/altertness

A

reticular formation

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15
Q

brain

part of the brain where functions include plan and coordinate motor activity, actual vs intended movement, interprets sensory input and motor output, controls balance and posture

A

cerebellum

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16
Q

brain

part of the brain that is usually not targeted by pharmacologic effects

A

cerebellum

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17
Q

brain

part of the brain associated with pharmacologic effects that include antianxiety and antipsychotic medications

A

limbic system

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18
Q

brain

motivatioin, aggression, sexual activity is associated with which part of the brain?

A

limbic system

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19
Q

cns

part of the body associated with pharmacoloiigc effects taht include synaptic transmissioin of gray matter and white matter

A

spinal cord

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20
Q

CNS

associated with pharmacologic effects that include passing through bloodstream into the brain and spinal cord with endogenous transport system

A

blood brain barrier

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21
Q

CNS

lipid-soluble molecules that pass freely through the endothelial cells of the BBB without requiring energy

A

passive transport system

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22
Q

CNS

type of passive transport that uses specialized protein channels or carriers to help specific water-soluble molecules cross the BBB, such as glucose and amino acids

A

facilitated diffusion

23
Q

CNS

energy dependent process that moves molecules against their concentration gradient, typically requiring ATP. crucual for transporting essential nutrients and ions that the brain needs

A

active transport

24
Q

CNS

allows larger molecules or complexes, such as hormones and antibodies to enter the brain

A

endocytosis

25
Q

CNS

type of neurotransmitter in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limibc, thalmaic, spinal interneurons

A

acetylcholine

26
Q

CNS

excitatory neurotransmitters

mneumonic : excitatory neurotrasmitters are GAS-E

A

acetylocholine
glutamate
substance P
enkephalins

27
Q

CNS

type of neurotransmitter in neurosn origniating in the brainstem and hypothalamus that projects throughout other areas of brain

A

norepinephrine

28
Q

CNS

type of neurotransmitter in basal ganglia and limbic system only (inhibitory response)

A

dopamine

the inhibitory response comes into play strictly for growth hormone (inhibitory) and prolactin inhibation

29
Q

CNS

a neurotransmitter assocaited with movement, attention and learning and the brains pleasure and reward system

30
Q

CNS

type of neurotransmitter that project upward from brainstem to hypothalamus and downward to spinal cord

31
Q

name the neurotransmitter

a neurotransmitter that affects mood, hunger, sleep, arousal; linked to depression and treated by prozac

32
Q

name the neurotransmitter

a major inhibitory neurotransmitter. undersupply linked to seuzures, tremors and insomnia

A

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

33
Q

name the neurotransmitter

inhibitor that is essential for regulating motor control and reflexes, reducing muscle spasticity, and providing a balance to excitatory signals from other neurotransmitters

34
Q

CNS mechanisms -type of transmission

what is the general mehcanism of CNS drugs?

A

modify synaptic transmission

35
Q

name the neurotransmitters

neurotransmitters in CNS effected by sedative-hypnotic drugs

There are 5

A

GABA, gluatamate, serotonin, melatonin, histamine

36
Q

name the drug

type of CNS drug that is associated with depressant, treatment for epilepsy, muscle relaxation and decrease alertness

A

sedative-hypnotic

37
Q

name the type of drug

a category of drugs taht includes the barbiturates and benzodiazepines, drugs that diminish feelings of anxiety

A

antianxiety drugs

38
Q

name the drug

the most common group of antianxiety drugs, which includes valium and xanax (promotes sleep)

A

benzodiazepines

39
Q

name the drug

highly addictive, small therapeutic index

A

nonbenzodiazepines

*10x the dose can be fatal

40
Q

when a drug has a small therapuetic index what does that mean?

A

only very very litttle needed -
for example nonbenzodiazepines are small TI and if 10x the recommended dose is taken it can be fatal

41
Q

disturbance in CNS, neurotransmission taht effects serotonin, norepinephrine and dompamine

A

depression

42
Q

drugs that increases teh presence of amine neurotransmitters in teh synaptic cleft

A

antidepressant

43
Q

pharmacokinetics of antidepressants

include: administration, target organ, metabolism and excretion

A

admin: oral
target organ: brain
metabolism: liver
excretion: kidney

44
Q

disturbance and impaired perception of reality. more severe form of mental illness

45
Q

a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distored perceptions

46
Q

a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression

A

schizophrenia

47
Q

most common psychosis, overactivity of dopamine pathways in the limbic system

A

schzophrenia

48
Q

chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity. cerebral neurons that are hyperexcitable

49
Q

drug that suppresses the excitability of neurons that initiate seizures. decrease Na+ and Ca++ entry

A

antiepileptic drugs

50
Q

movement disorder with resting tremor, bradykinesia, postural instability and rigidity. neuortransmitter imbalance in basal ganglia (dopamine deficiency)

A

parkinsons disease

51
Q

parkinsons disease has a deficiency of which neurotransmitter?

52
Q

dopamine precursor: used in parkinsonism. usually combine with carbidopa

53
Q

what is levadopa?

A

peripheral inhibitor of dopamine metabolism

54
Q

what is bradykinesia

A

execusion of movement (kinesia) is slow (brady)

pharmacology (7 decks)

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