PHARMACOLOGY - Antimicrobial Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections Flashcards
What is the recommended treatment plan for an animal with simple cystitis?
5-7 day course of antibiotics
What is the recommended treatment plan for an animal with a complicated urinary tract infection (UTI)?
7-10 day course of antibiotics
What is MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration)?
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the minimum concentration of a drug that will inhibit the growth of an organism
(T/F) The urinary concentration of a drug should be double the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the targeted organism
FALSE. The urinary concentration of a drug should be 4 times the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the targeted organism
How come ‘antibiotic resistant’ bacteria can still be treated with antibiotics when treating a UTI?
The concentrations of the antibiotic is so high in the urine (as drugs are excreted by the kidneys) that the drug can actually overcome high MIC values
What is concentration dependent killing in terms of antibiotics?
The higher the drug concentration relative to pathogen minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the greater the rate and extent of antimicrobial activity
What is time dependent killing in terms of antibiotics?
The longer the drugs levels are maintained above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the more effective the drug will be
Which four classes of drugs can be used to treat UTIs?
Beta-lactams
Cephalosporins
Sulphonamides
4-Fluoroquinolones
What do a lot of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) secrete to break down beta-lactams and thus make them ineffective?
The enzyme beta-lactamase which breaks down beta-lactams making them ineffective
Why should you take precautions before giving penicillin to animals such as rabbits, guinea pigs or hamsters?
Penicillin can often lead to clostridium difficile diarrhoea in these animals which can ultimately be fatal
Why is synulox often given in combination with beta-lactams when treating UTIs?
Synulox is a clavulanic acid which is a beta-lactamase inhibiting drug. This prevents beta-lactamase enzyme from breaking down the beta-lactam and thus the drug will be more effective
What are potentiated sulphonamides?
Potentiated sulphonamides are sulphonamides administered in combination with other drugs
Which antibiotic is often used in combination with sulphonamides?
Trimethoprim
What are some of the adverse effects of sulphonamides?
Renal crystalluria
Hypersensitivity reactions
Which class of drugs can be used to treat prostatitis?
Fluoroquinolones
