Pharmacology - Antacids, Motility and Anti-motility Agents Flashcards
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Acidity of the stomach overwhelms the mucosal barrier defense system, leading to ulceration
3 causes and contributing factors of peptic ulcer disease
- heliobacter pylori infection
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Stress
Treatment for peptic ulcer disease
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GErd0
Dysfunctional relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter that allows the acidic gastric contents to reflux into the esophagus.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is commonly treated using…
PPIs, H2 histamine recptor antagonists and..
How do NSAIDs cause gastrointestinal complications
They inhibit the COX1 enzyme, reducing prostaglandin synthesis in the GI. This increases acid secretion and …?
Another effect: Topical non-selective injuries.
The NSAID molecules become protonated (neutral form) with no charge, will be more permeable and will cross the lipid bilayer into epithelial cells of the stomach. Inside the cells, they get deprotonated and can no longer exit. Therefore, this drug can accumulate in the epithelial cells and cause non-specific damage.
Dopamine (DA) exerts a … effect on the gut
relaxant effect
Dopamine antagonists will exert a…
stimulating effect
What is metoclopramide? What effect does it have on the gut?
A dopamine D2 receptor antagonist. Stimulating effect (promotes motility).
What is domperidone? What effect does it have on the gut?
A D2 antagonist drug without serotonin receptor activity.
What is an important side effect of domperidone?
May increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
Why are proton pump inhibitors used the most?
?
What is Omeprazole?
Omeprazole is a prodrug (must be activated y metabolism) that is converted to its active form by acid (rather than an enzyme).
It is a proton-pump inhibitor.
Side effects of Omeprazole (2)
??? one of them is not on the slides
What is misoprostol?
It is a prostaglandin analog (synthetic PGE1 analogue) that increases the secretion of mucus and bicarbonate
