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BLOCK E - DIGESTION > Anatomy - Abdominal Organs: Hollow Viscera > Flashcards

Anatomy - Abdominal Organs: Hollow Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

3 major regions of the stomach

A

Cardia
Body
Pylorus

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2
Q

What makes up the internal sphincter of the stomach?

A

It is a bundle of smooth muscle within the wall of the esophagus.

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3
Q

Is the internal sphincter under voluntary control?

A

No

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4
Q

What is a hiatal hernia?

A

When part of the stomach herniates up into the thoracic cavity (above the diaphragm.

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of hiatal hernias?

A

Sliding hiatal hernia
Rolling (paraesophageal) hiatal hernia

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6
Q

What is a pyloric stenosis?

A

Narrowing of the pyloric sphincter hypertrophy), preventing food from passing easily into the duodenum. Causes discomfort and vomiting.

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7
Q

Name the 4 parts of the duodenum

A
  1. Superior
  2. Descending
  3. Inferior
  4. Ascending
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8
Q

The first part (superior) of the duodenum is a continuation of…

A

the pylorus

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9
Q

The first (superior) part of the duodenum is connected to…

A

the liver via the hepatoduodenal ligament

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10
Q

Characteristic feature of the second (descending) part of the duodenum

A

Papillae… ?

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11
Q

Which parts of the duodenum are intraperitoneal?
Which parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?

A
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12
Q

3 regions of the small intestine

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
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13
Q

How can we differentiate the jejunum and ileum

A

Jejunum:
* longer vasa recta (blood vessels)
* fewer arcades
* no Peyer’s patches
* Plicae circulares (circular folds)

Ileum:
* shorter vasa recta
* more arcades
* Peyer’s patches
* no circular folds (smoother surface)

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14
Q

Intussusception

A

Part of the intestine invaginates into an adjacent section of intestine. Can obstruct passage of contents and..

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15
Q

Junction between small and large intestine

A

Ileocecal junction

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16
Q

What is the cecum?

A
17
Q

What is the appendix?

A

Extension of the cecum

18
Q

McBurney’s point

A

1/3 distance from ASIS to navel

19
Q

Appendicitis usually presents in…

A

the lower right quadrant

20
Q

Why could appendicitis occur in the lower left quadrant?

A

situs inversus

21
Q

Why is McBurney’s point useful?

A

Tenderness at McBurney’s point suggests the evolution of acute appendicitis to a later stage

22
Q

Name the 2 flexures of the colon and what parts of the colon they separate?

A
23
Q

What are epiploic appendices

A
24
Q

What are taenia coli?

A

Three separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle on the outside of the colon.

25
Q

How do taenia coli contract?

A

The contract length-wise to shorten the colon…

26
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Abnormal outpocketing of the colonic mucosa….

27
Q

Vulvolus

A

A loop of bowel becomes completely twisted around its site of mesenteric attachment, …

28
Q

Name the 2 anal sphincters

A

Internal anal sphincter
External anal sphincter

29
Q

GI blood supply is divided embryologically. Explain

A

Foregut: Celiac trunk
Midgut: Superior mesenteric
Hindgut: Inferior mesenteric

30
Q

3 main branches of the celiac trunk and what they supply

A

common hepatic artery (liver, duodenum, pancreas)
left gastric artery (stomach)
splenic artery (spleen)

31
Q

The common hepatic artery splits into…

A
  1. proper hepatic (supplies liver)
  2. gastroduodenal (supplies stomach and duodenum)
32
Q

Left and right gastric arteries…

A

connect (anastomose together)

33
Q

Know how to identify the arteries of the celiac trunk

A
34
Q

Superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries…?

A
35
Q

All venous drainage from the GI goes to…

A

the liver

36
Q

What vein drains blood of the GI tract to the liver?

A

Hepatic portal vein

37
Q

You need to know all the branches of venous drainage from the GI…

A

BLOCK E - DIGESTION (10 decks)

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