Pharmacology and drugs Flashcards
1
Q
What are the indications for anticoagulation
A
- venous thrombosis
- arterial fibrilation
2
Q
What is the target of anticoagulants?
A
- the fibrin clot
3
Q
Name naturally occurring anticoagulants
A
- anti-thrombin
- protein c
- protein s
4
Q
What is the affect of heparin
A
- potentiates antithrombin
- works on the natural anti-coagulant defences
5
Q
What are the 2 heparin types?
A
- unfractioned (antithrombin)
- LMWH (antithrombin and anti Xa)
6
Q
How is heparin monitored?
A
- APPT
- Anti- Xa assay
7
Q
Heparin complications?
A
- bleeding
- heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
8
Q
How is unfractioned heparin reversed?
A
- antidote
- protamine sulphate
9
Q
How does warfarin work?
A
- inhibition of vitamin k
- May require initial heparin co dosage as intially higher thrombosis risk
- reduces clot fibrin formation
10
Q
How is warfarin monitored?
A
- PT
- INR
11
Q
PT measures the ___ pathway
A
- extrinsic (TF, VII)
12
Q
APPT measures?
A
- intrinsic (XII, IX, VIII, X)
13
Q
What can reverse warfarin
A
- vitamin K
- in life threatening = fresh frozen plasma
14
Q
name a DOAC
A
- Dabigatran
- renally excreted
15
Q
How does edoxaban work?
A
- direct inhibition of factor Xa
- no monitoring required
