Pancytopenia Flashcards
1
Q
Define panctyopenia?
A
- reduction in white cells, platelet, red cells
- greater drop in neutrophils
2
Q
What is the maturation of neutrophils?
A
myeloblast -> myelocyte -> neutrophil
3
Q
Life span of a neutrophil?
A
- 7-8hrs
- first to reduce in numbers in a pancytopenia
4
Q
Causes of pancytopenia (2 broad)
A
- reduced production
- increased destruction
5
Q
Explain causes of decreased production of haemopoetic cells?
A
- bone marrow failure (primary, secondary, inherited) - Fanconi’s
- aplastic anaemia
- myelodysplastic syndromes
- acute leukaemia
6
Q
Describe Fanconi’s anaemia?
A
- autosomal recessive inherited marrow syndrome
- short stature, skeletal abnormalities
- median age 7
- DNA damage
- chromosome fragility
- increased risk of AML
7
Q
Describe aplastic anaemia?
A
- acquired bone marrow failure
- autoimmune attack
- risk of developing AML
8
Q
Describe myelodysplastic syndrome?
A
- dysplasia
- increased apoptosis
- risk of AML
9
Q
Acute leukaemia may present as?
A
- pancytopenia
- increased WCC
10
Q
Causes of secondary bone marrow failure?
A
- drug induced
- B12/folate deficiency
- malignancy
- viral
11
Q
Examples of drugs that can cause secondary bone marrow failure?
A
- chemo
- alcohol
- azathioprine
- methotrexate
12
Q
Causes of hypersplenism
A
- splenic congestion (portal hypertension)
- systemic disease (RA)
- Haematological malignancy (splenic lymphoma)
13
Q
Pancytopenia blood results?
A
- anaemia
- neutropenia
- thrombocytopenia
14
Q
Symptoms of pancytopenia?
A
- SOB
- Fatigue
- Infections
- Bleeding
- Purpura
15
Q
Hypocellular bone marrow causes?
A
- aplastic anaemia
- drug induced
16
Q
Hypercellular bone marrow causes?
A
- hypersplenism
- myelodysplasia
- vitamin B12/folate deficiency
