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Dent Reviewer > Pharmacology And Anesthesiology > Flashcards

Pharmacology And Anesthesiology Flashcards

1
Q

Concerned with the effects of the drugs and the mechanism of acrion

A

Pharmacodynamics

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2
Q

Concerned with the movement of drugs within the body

A

Pharmakokinetics

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3
Q

Study of drugs’ harmful effect

A

Toxicology

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4
Q

Prevents orally taken drugs toxicity

A

Activated charcoal

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5
Q

Induces vomiting

A

Syrup of ipecac

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6
Q

It is the accumulation of drugs that cant be eliminated un the body

A

Cumulatiom

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7
Q

Drugs cotnraindicated for glaucoma

A

Diazepam, anti cholinergic

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8
Q

What is the most allergenic drug

A

Penecillin

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9
Q

Group of drugs Safe for pregnancy

A

Local anes, analgesics and sedative hypnotics

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10
Q

Study of damage to fetus during development

A

Teratology

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11
Q

Study of drug dosage

A

Posology

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12
Q

Most comkom and the easiest to administer

A

Oral route

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13
Q

Suppositories and enema

A

Rectal route

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14
Q

Routenin which bypasses the membrane

A

Parenteral route

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15
Q

Intravenous angulation

A

35-40 degrees

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16
Q

Intramuscular injection angulation

A

90 degrees

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17
Q

Intradermal injections angulation

A

0-15 degrees

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18
Q

Subcutaneous injection angulation

A

45 degrees

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19
Q

Intrathecal injection

A

Between 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae

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20
Q

Fastest route in which the target site is the brain

A

Inhalation

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21
Q

In terms of ph levels drugs must be..

A

Weak acids and weak bases

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22
Q

Amount of drug that teaches the circulatory system after administration

A

Bioabavailability

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23
Q

Bioavailability is influenced by

A

Drug solubility, route and first pass effect

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24
Q

According to solubility drugs must be..

A

Slightly hydrophilic and largely hydrophobic

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25
Q

Very hydrophilic drugs are..

A

Unable to cross the phospholipid bilayer

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26
Q

Drugs that are purely hydrophobic are most likely..

A

Unable to be absorbed due to insolubility in aquaeus fluids

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27
Q

Ability of drug to move from circulatory system into the target sites

A

Distribution

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28
Q

Free floating drug

A

Free ionized drug

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29
Q

Drugs bound to plasma protein

A

Bound drugs

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30
Q

Tendency of substanves to separate or dissociate from its bindig

A

Dissociation constant

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31
Q

Liver enzymes which helos in drug and compound metabolism

A

Miscromomal enzymes

Non microsomal enzymes

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32
Q

Example of micromal enzymes in liver

A

Cytrochrome P450

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33
Q

Drugs metabolized in liver are

A

Amide local anesthetics

Most drugs

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34
Q

Plasma enzyme

A

Plasma Pseudochokinesterase

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35
Q

Drugs metabolised in plasma

A

Ester Local Anesthetics

Succinylcholine

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36
Q

Major organ for excretion of drugs

A

Kidney

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37
Q

Site of excression for nitrous oxide

A

Lungs

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38
Q

Drugs excreted in breast milk

A

Alchohol, cafffeine, cocaine and nicotine

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39
Q

The time required for a drig to reduce half of its initial value

A

Half life

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40
Q

Rate at which the active drug is removed from the body

A

Clearance

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41
Q

Amount of drugs eliminated is constant and is not dependent on the concentration of drug plasma

A

Zero order kinetics

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42
Q

Drugs with zero order kinetics

A

Alchohol, phenytion, aspirin

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43
Q

Amount of drug eliminated is dependent on tje concentration of drug in plasma fluid

A

First order kinetics

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44
Q

Dosage of drugs needed to produce an effect

A

Potency

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45
Q

Refers to the effect of the drug

A

Efficacy

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46
Q

Maximum effect of drug where no effect is added even though drug dose is increased

A

Maximal effect

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47
Q

Refers to how well the drug can be used in the real world

A

Effectiveness

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48
Q

Dose response curve thay describes the degree of respons eof a single biological unit to a given drug dose

A

Graded Dose-effect curve

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49
Q

Curve that describes relationship between the increasing drug dosage and the percentage of the population that shows the drugs pharmacologic and lethal effects

A

Quantal Dose-effect curve

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50
Q

Detects the margin of safety of a drug by conparing the therapeutic and toxic dose

A

Qunatal-dose effect curve

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51
Q

Targets of drug action

A

Receptors

Enzymes

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52
Q

Ability of drugs to bund to its target site

A

Affinity

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53
Q

Ability of drug to produce an effecr after bindingnto its target site

A

Intrinsic activity

54
Q

Results in decreased potency and competes with the receptor

A

Competitive antagonism

55
Q

Has its own receptor and doesnt compete. It results to a decrease in efficacy

A

Non-competitive antagonism

56
Q

Naloxone is an antagonist of what drug

A

Narcotics

57
Q

Flumazenil is an antagonist of what drug?

A

Benzodiazepine

58
Q

Intrinsic activity of 1

A

Full agonists

59
Q

Intrinsic activity of 0

A

Antagonist

60
Q

Intrinsic acrivity of >0 and <1

A

Partial Agonist

61
Q

Drug effect is proportional tot he number of receptors occupied

A

Clarks occupational theory

62
Q

Drug effect is proportional to the rate at which the drug and receptor combine; drug produces an effect when bound to ita receptor

A

Patons rate theory

63
Q

Sedative hypnotivs are drugs used for

A

Sedation
Hypnosis
Muscle relaxation

64
Q

Types of sedation

A

Minimal
Moderate
Deep

65
Q

Awake and relaxed; rrlieve anxiety

A

Minimal or conscious sedation

66
Q

Classification of sedative hypnotic drugs

A

Barbiturates and non barbiturates

67
Q

4 classes of barbiturates

A

Ultra short acting
Short acting
Intermediate acting
Long acting

68
Q

Used for induction of general anesthesia

A

Ultra short acting barbiturates

69
Q

Barbiturates that are ultra short acting

A

Thiopental and methohexital

70
Q

Classes of barbiturates used for insomnia

A

Short acting and intermediate acting barbiturates

71
Q

Short acting barbiturates

A

Secobarbital

Pentobarbital

72
Q

Intermediate barbiturates

A

Amobarbital

Butabarbital

73
Q

Class of barbiturate used for epileptic seizures

A

Long acting Barbiturates

74
Q

Long acting barbiturates

A

Phenobarbital
Mephobarbital
Primidone

75
Q

Non barbiturate drug used as sedative drugs in Pediatrics

A

Chloral hydrate

76
Q

Non barbiturate drug for insomnia

A

Flurazepam

77
Q

Sedative found in alchohol beverages

A

Ethanol

78
Q

An antihestamine sedative

A

Diphenhydramime

79
Q

Anticonvulsant drugs are used for

A

Anti-Epileptic
Anti anxiety
Sedation

80
Q

Absence of consciouness; absence of movements for few seconds

A

Absence seizures

81
Q

Petit mal

A

Absence seizures

82
Q

Awake; muscles are jerking for few seconds to a few minutes

A

Myoclonic

83
Q

Awake; muscle relaxation for few seconds to few minutes

A

Atonic

84
Q

Drop seizure

A

Atonic

85
Q

Unconscious; muscle stiffness; jerking movements few minutes

A

Tonic clonic seizures

86
Q

Grand mal

A

Tonic clonic seizures

87
Q

Repeated grand mal or 30 min seizure

A

Status epilepticus

88
Q

Common drugs used as anticonvulsants

A 
Benzodiazepin
Pgenytoin
Carbamazepin
Valproic acid
Barbiturates (least used)
89
Q

Blocks sodium ions

A

Carbamazepine

90
Q

Blocks sodium and calcoum ions

A

Valproic acid

91
Q

Potentiates GABA receptors and inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

Anticonvulsants

92
Q

Affects Reticular Activating sustem and activates Gaba receptors

A

Sedative hypnotics

93
Q

Stimulates porphyrin production

A

Sedative hypnotics

94
Q

Drug induced gingival hyperplasia

A

Anticonvulsants

95
Q

Paradoxical Excitement

A

Anticonvulsants

96
Q

Diazepam is slowly and poorly absorbed in what route of administration

A

Intramuscular

97
Q

Drugs with slight anticholinergic effects

A 
Diphenhydramide
Tricyclic antidepressants
Benzodiazepine
Antipsychotics
Meperidine
98
Q

Drugs with morphime like properties that acts in CNS

A

Narcotic drugs

99
Q

Other name for narcotics

A

Opiods or opiates

100
Q

Opiod receptors in the body

A

Limbic system
Area postrema
Sokitary nuclei
Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando

101
Q

Area in the medulla pblongata responsible for nausea and vomiting

A

Area postrema

102
Q

Area in medulla oblongata for gag reflex, cough, baroreceptor reflex and chemoreceptor

A

Solitary nuclei

103
Q

Gate in gate control theory

A

Substantia gelatinosa of rolando

104
Q

Endogenous opiods in our body

A

Endorphine
Enkeohaline
Serotonine

105
Q

Combination of dIphenoxylate and atropine

A

Lomotil

106
Q

Most comkon side effect for narcotic drugs

A

Nausea

107
Q

Most serious side effect for narcotic drugs

A

Respiratory depression

108
Q

Morphine triad

A

Miosis
Respiratory depression
Coma

109
Q

Components of neuroleptic analgesia

A

Narcotics

Neuroleptic analgesia

110
Q

Drigs that causes dissociative anesthesia

A

Ketamine

Phencyclidine

111
Q

Narcotic drug contraindicared for glaucoma

A

Meperidine

112
Q

Narcotic drugs that can be administered orally

A

Codeine
Oxycodone
Methadone

113
Q

Tylox

A

Oxycodone

Acetaminophen

114
Q

Narcotic drug for parenteral administration

A

Morphine

Meperidine

115
Q

More potent than morphine

A

Fentanyl

116
Q

Diacetylmorphine

A

Heroin

117
Q

Demerol; has anticholinergic effects

A

Meperidine

118
Q

Guedels stages of anesthesia for analgesia and amnesia

A

Stage 1

119
Q

Guedels stages of anesthesia for surgical anesthesia

A

Stage 3

120
Q

Guedels stages of anesthesia for medullary paralysis

A

Stage 4

121
Q

Guedels stages of anesthesia for excitement and delirium

A

Stage 2

122
Q

Inhalation drugs used for General anesthesia

A

Halothane

Desflurane

123
Q

Benzodiazepines used for induction of general anesthesia

A

Midazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam

124
Q

Short acting hypnotic agent

A

Propofol

125
Q

Blocks pain mainly in the Peripheral nervous system

A

Non-narcotic Analgesics

126
Q

Pain, fever, inflammation and gasteic protection

A

Prostaglandin

127
Q

Two pathways for arachidonic acid

A

Lipooxygenase

Cyclooxygenase

128
Q

Catalizes the phospholipid bilayer in producing arachidonic acid

A

Phospholipase a2

129
Q

Cox1

A 
Thromboxane a2 (platelets)
Prostaglandin for stomach
130
Q

Cox2

A

Prostaglandin for pain, fever and inflammation (endothelial tissue)
Prostacyclin for vasodilation (Endothelial tissue)

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